{"id":515190,"date":"2026-08-21T14:01:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T04:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/europes-scorching-summer\/"},"modified":"2026-08-21T14:01:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T04:01:00","slug":"europes-scorching-summer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/?p=515190","title":{"rendered":"Europe\u2019s Scorching Summer"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\">\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white\" 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class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/search\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Search<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-spacer\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"width-full maxw-full margin-left-auto margin-right-auto hds-media-align-wide hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-video\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full flex-column\">\n<div class=\"hds-video-container width-full embed-container\" style=\"\"><video title=\"Europe's Scorching Summer\" id=\"nasa-plus-M8mGB\" class=\"video-js video-player vjs-fluid width-full\" data-setup='{\"controls\":true,\"preload\":\"auto\",\"plugins\":{\"mux\":{\"debug\":false,\"data\":{\"env_key\":\"91nns8oppqdfqc44lgo4b1gni\",\"player_name\":\"www.nasa.gov Player\",\"video_name\":\"Europe's Scorching Summer\"}}}}'  ><source src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/europe's-scorching-summer\/europeheatwaves_gmao_20260819.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><p class=\"vjs-no-js\">To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/videojs.com\/html5-video-support\/\"  rel=\"noopener\">supports HTML5 video<\/a><\/p><\/video><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-media-caption hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">\n<div>Output from NASA\u2019s GEOS (Goddard Earth Observing System) global model shows daily maximum surface air temperature across Western Europe from May 1 to August 19, 2026. The darkest red areas indicate temperatures that met or exceeded 40\u00b0C (104\u00b0F).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">\n<div>NASA Earth Observatory\/Lauren Dauphin<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Western Europe got its first hint of an unusual summer in May 2026, when a heat dome produced <a href=\"https:\/\/climate.copernicus.eu\/what-do-we-know-about-europes-early-and-intense-heatwave-may-2026\" rel=\"noopener\">exceptional temperatures<\/a> that shattered records in several countries. Remarkable as it was, that early <a href=\"https:\/\/climate.copernicus.eu\/heatwaves-brief-introduction\" rel=\"noopener\">heat wave<\/a> turned out to be only the opening salvo.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By mid-August, Europeans were sweating through their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/graphics\/CLIMATE-AUTOMATED\/MONITOR\/akpeykqqapr\/western-europe\/\" rel=\"noopener\">fifth heat wave<\/a> of the season, with the latest onslaught pushing temperatures well above 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) across a broad area. During these bouts of extreme weather, high temperatures were often unrelenting, persisting for several days and sometimes weeks on end, and remaining overnight.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a region accustomed to relatively mild summers, the heat upended everyday life. Hospitalizations and heat-related deaths<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2026\/08\/15\/world\/europe\/europe-heat-wave-deaths-june-2026.html\" rel=\"noopener\"> spiked<\/a>. Highways and train tracks<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/why-is-germany-building-roads-for-yesterdays-climate\/a-78130975\" rel=\"noopener\"> buckled<\/a>, forcing road closures and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.itf-oecd.org\/heatwaves-becoming-major-threat-public-transport-new-itf-factsheet-warns\" rel=\"noopener\">service disruptions<\/a>. Large and destructive wildfires <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/international\/article\/2026\/08\/16\/firefighters-battle-massive-wildfires-in-belgium-and-greece-as-two-die-on-island-near-athens_6756564_4.html\" rel=\"noopener\">raged<\/a> in areas where they were once rarely seen. The heat also worsened the <a href=\"https:\/\/joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu\/european-and-global-drought-observatories\/current-drought-situation-europe_en\" rel=\"noopener\">severe drought<\/a> that has gripped the region for months, contributing to <a href=\"https:\/\/eu-space.europa.eu\/components\/earth-observation-copernicus\/image-of-the-day\/europes-major-rivers-record-low-water-levels\" rel=\"noopener\">record-low<\/a> river water levels and disrupting water and power supplies, transportation routes, and agriculture.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The animation above shows the daily maximum surface air temperature across Western Europe from May 1 to August 19, 2026. It was produced by combining satellite observations with temperatures predicted by a version of NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov\/geos-systems\/\" rel=\"noopener\">GEOS<\/a> (Goddard Earth Observing System) global model, which uses mathematical equations to represent physical processes in the atmosphere. The darkest red areas indicate where temperatures met or exceeded 40\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>The heat broke records at a furious pace, often by wide margins. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/blog\/2026\/may-2026-temperature-records-verified\" rel=\"noopener\">UK Met Office<\/a>, temperatures soared as high as 35.1\u00b0C (95.2\u00b0F) in London on May 26, smashing the previous May record by 2.3\u00b0C (4.1\u00b0F). In June, Bordeaux, France, broke its maximum-temperature record on three consecutive days, hitting 42.5\u00b0C on June 24, <a href=\"https:\/\/meteofrance-com.translate.goog\/presse\/bilan-climatique-de-juin-2026-le-mois-de-juin-le-plus-chaud-jamais-enregistre-avec-une?_x_tr_sl=fr&#038;_x_tr_tl=en&#038;%23038;_x_tr_hl=en&#038;%23038;_x_tr_pto=wapp\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France<\/em> reported<\/a>. Slovakia, meanwhile, set new national records for both <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/CHMUCHMI\/status\/2085629025230164002\">daytime<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/europe-slovakia-austria-heat-record-temperatures-b65c430c7880f03aa1c2b0517df0d46f\" rel=\"noopener\">nighttime highs<\/a> in August. Combined June and July temperatures in Western Europe were the highest on record, <a href=\"https:\/\/climate.copernicus.eu\/copernicus-highest-july-global-ocean-surface-temperatures-exceptionally-hot-dry-conditions-fuel\" rel=\"noopener\">according<\/a> to Europe\u2019s Copernicus climate monitoring service.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Europe, extreme temperatures collided with several vulnerabilities, including limited access to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/europes-heat-and-air-conditioning-dilemma\" rel=\"noopener\">air conditioning<\/a>, high nighttime temperatures, and a lack of green space in some cities. The circumstances triggered not just discomfort but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heat-exhaustion\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20373250\" rel=\"noopener\">heat exhaustion<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/heat-stroke\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20353581\" rel=\"noopener\">heatstroke<\/a> in some cases. Preliminary reports suggest that heat may have been associated with <a href=\"https:\/\/weather.com\/2026\/07\/19\/news\/weather\/europes-early-heat-wave-may-have-killed-over-10000\" rel=\"noopener\">10,000 excess deaths<\/a>, including thousands of people in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/interim-heat-mortality-monitoring-report-england-may-and-june-2026\/interim-heat-mortality-monitoring-report-england-may-and-june-2026\" rel=\"noopener\">UK<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/france\/20260819-france-experienced-more-than-7-300-excess-deaths-during-historic-heatwaves\" rel=\"noopener\">France<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Themen\/Gesundheit-und-Gesellschaft\/Gesundheitliche-Einflussfaktoren-A-Z\/H\/Hitze\/Bericht_Hitzemortalitaet.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Germany<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brusselstimes.com\/2247099\/belgium-had-the-highest-excess-mortality-rate-in-europe-during-june-heatwave\" rel=\"noopener\">Belgium<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAir conditioning is an especially critical issue in Europe in the short term,\u201d said Anamika Shreevastava, a researcher at New York University who <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&#038;user=lRnptscAAAAJ&#038;%23038;view_op=list_works&#038;%23038;sortby=pubdate\" rel=\"noopener\">studied urban heat islands<\/a> as a postdoc at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. One of her goals was to produce <a href=\"https:\/\/ecostress.jpl.nasa.gov\/apps#urbanheat\" rel=\"noopener\">thermal maps<\/a> based on NASA data from missions like <a href=\"https:\/\/ecostress.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">ECOSTRESS<\/a> that city planners could use to make cities more resilient to heat waves.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/data-and-statistics\/charts\/share-of-households-equipped-with-air-conditioner-by-region-2015-2025\" rel=\"noopener\">International Energy Agency data<\/a> show that 23 percent of homes in Europe have air conditioning, compared to 90 percent of homes in the United States. That difference contributes to the much higher death rates that researchers <a href=\"https:\/\/share.google\/pdkRGCqOwu6gyffFM\" rel=\"noopener\">have documented<\/a> in European cities during heat waves than in comparable American cities. \u201cLonger term, cities can also plant trees, expand parks, use reflective roof paint, and transition to building materials less likely to retain heat,\u201d Shreevastava said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An analysis from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/climate-change-heat-and-health\" rel=\"noopener\">World Health Organization<\/a> indicates that heat stress is the world\u2019s leading cause of weather-related deaths, noting it exacerbates underlying illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, mental health conditions, and asthma. Researchers have calculated that roughly 489,000 heat-related deaths occur each year, with 45 percent of the deaths in Asia and 36 percent in Europe.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFor older adults with physical health problems, temperatures as low as\u00a026.7\u00b0C (80\u00b0F) can pose significant danger,\u201d said\u00a0Deborah Carr, a Boston University sociologist who specializes in the study of aging. \u201cNighttime heat\u00a0is especially harmful for older adults whose homes lack air conditioning.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Carr is part of a research team that used demographic data, along with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nccs.nasa.gov\/services\/data-collections\/land-based-products\/nex-gddp-cmip6\" rel=\"noopener\">temperature and climate data<\/a>\u00a0archived by NASA, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-47197-5\" rel=\"noopener\">to identify<\/a> which parts of the world are at the greatest risk of current and future heat exposure. Southern Europe was among the areas facing growing heat exposure and an aging population, the researchers found.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy.fsi.stanford.edu\/news\/when-heat-outpaces-human-body-warming-aging-world-risk\" rel=\"noopener\">Other research<\/a>, published in <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanplh.2026.101494\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Lancet Planetary Health<\/em><\/a> in August 2026, underscores the importance of demographics in assessing the risks posed by heat. This study, led by Stanford researcher Qinqin Kong, mapped where increasing heat is likely to lead to intolerable conditions in the coming decades for young, middle-aged, and older adults, concluding that safe thresholds will be breached often and widely, with risks falling disproportionately on older people.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe human body can tolerate only a limited range of ambient heat,\u201d said Kong, a recipient of a <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth-science\/early-career-opportunities\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology award<\/a>. \u201cUnderstanding where, when, and to what extent these limits are exceeded is critical.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With intolerable levels of heat expected to affect more people across larger regions and for longer periods than previously thought, Kong and his colleagues hope that their findings will inform targeted heat action plans, emergency preparedness, and health system planning.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:33px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><em>NASA Earth Observatory image by Lauren Dauphin,\u00a0using\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov\/gmao-products\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GEOS-FP<\/a>\u00a0data from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Global Modeling and Assimilation Office<\/a>\u00a0at NASA GSFC.<\/em> <em>Story by Adam Voiland.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<div style=\"height:33px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References &#038; Resources <\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AP (2026, August 10) <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/europe-weather-climate-change-f4f6ecf0953d423e0a70b74cd477c81a\" rel=\"noopener\">UK and France prepare for another heat wave as western Europe sets new temperature record<\/a>. Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>Copernicus Climate Change Service (2026, August 12) <a href=\"https:\/\/climate.copernicus.eu\/exceptionally-hot-and-dry-conditions-fuel-wildfires-europe-ocean-surface-temperatures-reach-record\" rel=\"noopener\">Exceptionally hot and dry conditions fuel wildfires in Europe as ocean surface temperatures reach record highs for July<\/a>. Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>Copernicus Climate Change Service (2026, July 9)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/climate.copernicus.eu\/copernicus-record-heatwave-brings-hottest-june-western-europe-during-second-warmest-june-globally\" rel=\"noopener\">Record heatwave brings hottest June for western Europe during second-warmest June globally<\/a>. Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>Falchetta, G., <em>et al<\/em>. (2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-47197-5\" rel=\"noopener\">Global projections of heat exposure of older adults<\/a>. <em>Nature Communications<\/em>, 15, 3678.<\/li>\n<li>Kong, Q., <em>et al. (2026)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanplh.2026.101494\" rel=\"noopener\">Exceeding human heat tolerance in a warming, ageing world: a global projection modelling study<\/a>. <em>The Lancet Planetary Health<\/em>, In press.<\/li>\n<li>Met Office (2026, June 17) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/blog\/2026\/may-2026-temperature-records-verified\" rel=\"noopener\">May 2026 temperature records verified<\/a>. Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>NASA (2025) <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/earth-indicators\/global-temperature\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Temperature \u2013 Earth Indicator<\/a>. Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>NASA Earthdata (2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/appliedsciences.nasa.gov\/get-involved\/training\/english\/arset-satellite-remote-sensing-measuring-urban-heat-islands-and\" rel=\"noopener\">Training: Satellite Remote Sensing for Measuring Urban Heat Islands and Constructing Heat Vulnerability Indices<\/a>. Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>NASA Earthdata, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/learn\/pathfinders\/disasters\/extreme-heat-data-pathfinder\" rel=\"noopener\">Heat<\/a>. Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<li><em>The New York<\/em> <em>Times<\/em> (2026, August 14) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2026\/08\/13\/weather\/europe-heat-wave-extreme-heat-warning.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Europe Is Once Again in the Grip of a Heat Wave<\/a>. Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>Reuters (2026) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/graphics\/CLIMATE-AUTOMATED\/MONITOR\/akpeykqqapr\/western-europe\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Tracking Western Europe\u2019s heatwave<\/a>. Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>World Meteorological Organization (2026, August 12) <a href=\"https:\/\/wmo.int\/media\/news\/record-breaking-heat-and-extreme-weather-continue\" rel=\"noopener\">Record-breaking heat and extreme weather continue<\/a>. Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<li>World Resources Institute (2026, June 30) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/europes-heat-and-air-conditioning-dilemma\" rel=\"noopener\">Europe\u2019s Soaring Heat and the Great Air Conditioning Dilemma<\/a>. \u00a0Accessed August 20, 2026.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-content-lists-inner hds-module align wp-block-nasa-blocks-content-lists\">\n<div id=\"content-list-217e5ecf-8328-4c2f-aa10-f2c4dd8fcded\" class=\"hds-content-lists margin-y-3 padding-x-0 bg-spacesuit-white width-full maxw-full\" 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class=\"grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-start margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<h2 class=\"section-heading-sm line-height-sm\">You may also be interested in:<\/h2>\n<p class=\"margin-top-0 margin-bottom-2 maxh-tablet\">Stay up-to-date with the latest content from NASA as we explore the universe and discover more about our home planet.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block padding-0 margin-0 flex-justify-center\">\n<div class=\" grid-col-12\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\" style=\"display: block\">\n<div id=\"filter-tags\" class=\"grid-col-12 filter-tags-container\"><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"smd-orbit-loader\" role=\"status\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"orbit-plane\"><span class=\"orbit-dot\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"post-list-container\" class=\"hds-content-items hds-content-items-grid margin-top-2\" aria-live=\"polite\" data-rest-url=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/smd\/v1\/content-list\">\n<div class=\"hds-content-item content-list-item-post\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/heat-dome-broils-the-western-u-s\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-thumbnail\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  content-list-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300px\" height=\"300px\" data-no-id=\"true\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/heat-dome-broils-the-western-u-s-\/usheatwave_geos5_20260712_th.jpg?fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&#038;w=300 300w\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/heat-dome-broils-the-western-u-s-\/usheatwave_geos5_20260712_th.jpg?fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&#038;%23038;w=300\" ><\/figure>\n<p>            <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-inner\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/heat-dome-broils-the-western-u-s\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-heading\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-a11y-heading-22\">Heat Dome Broils the Western U.S.<\/div>\n<p>            <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-readtime label margin-bottom-1\">\n                    4 min read                <\/div>\n<p class=\"margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">A ridge of high pressure fueled record-breaking temperatures in Montana, Utah, and Wyoming on July 12, 2026.<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-auto\"><svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><span>Article<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item content-list-item-post\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/sensing-the-poles-hidden-heat\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-thumbnail\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  content-list-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300px\" height=\"300px\" data-no-id=\"true\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/sensing-the-poles\u2019-hidden-heat\/seasonaltempbal_prefire_2026_th.jpg?fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&#038;w=300 300w\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/sensing-the-poles%E2%80%99-hidden-heat\/seasonaltempbal_prefire_2026_th.jpg?fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&#038;%23038;w=300\" ><\/figure>\n<p>            <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-inner\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/sensing-the-poles-hidden-heat\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-heading\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-a11y-heading-22\">Sensing the Poles\u2019 Hidden Heat<\/div>\n<p>            <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-readtime label margin-bottom-1\">\n                    3 min read                <\/div>\n<p class=\"margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">New animations from NASA\u2019s PREFIRE mission reveal two years of seasonal temperature swings at the Arctic and Antarctic.<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-auto\"><svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><span>Article<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item content-list-item-post\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-is-underway\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-thumbnail\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  content-list-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300px\" height=\"300px\" data-no-id=\"true\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni\u00f1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&#038;w=300 300w\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/2026\/el-ni%C3%B1o-is-underway\/elnino_sen6_20260608_th.jpg?fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint&#038;%23038;w=300\" ><\/figure>\n<p>            <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-inner\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/el-nino-is-underway\/\" class=\"hds-content-item-heading\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-a11y-heading-22\">El Ni\u00f1o Is Underway<\/div>\n<p>            <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-content-item-readtime label margin-bottom-1\">\n                    4 min read                <\/div>\n<p class=\"margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">Satellite observations of sea surface height indicated that the 2026 event continued to strengthen in early June.<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-auto\"><svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><span>Article<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pagination-container\" class=\"pagination\">\n<nav class=\"hds-pagination hds-pagination--content-lists\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Pagination Navigation\" data-mid-size=\"2\" data-end-size=\"1\" data-max-pages=\"4\" >\n<span aria-current=\"page\" class=\"page-numbers current\" aria-label=\"Current Page, Page 1\" aria-current=\"true\" 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class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Subscribe to Earth Observatory Newsletters<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">Subscribe to the Earth Observatory and get the Earth in your inbox.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"585\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/about\/NASA-EO-Logo-mediumBlue2016-stacked-mark.png?w=585&#038;h=425&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"eager\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/about\/NASA-EO-Logo-mediumBlue2016-stacked-mark.png?w=585&#038;h=425&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 585w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/about\/NASA-EO-Logo-mediumBlue2016-stacked-mark.png?w=300&#038;h=218&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/about\/NASA-EO-Logo-mediumBlue2016-stacked-mark.png?w=400&#038;h=291&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/image-of-the-day\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Earth Observatory Image of the Day<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">NASA&#8217;s Earth Observatory brings you the Earth, every day, with in-depth stories and stunning imagery.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1407\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=2500&#038;h=1407&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=2500&#038;h=1407&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2500w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1153&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=900&#038;h=507&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/iotd\/iotd-banner.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1126&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Explore Earth Science<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1920&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1920&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=768&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=50&#038;h=50&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=100&#038;h=100&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=200&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=400&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=900&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/data\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Earth Science Data<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">Open access to NASA\u2019s archive of Earth science data<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png 3600w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=300,150 300w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=768,384 768w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=1024,512 1024w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=1536,768 1536w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=2048,1024 2048w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=400,200 400w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=600,300 600w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=900,450 900w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=1200,600 1200w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?resize=2000,1000 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A series of 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