{"id":466442,"date":"2026-06-30T06:38:23","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T20:38:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?p=1013127"},"modified":"2026-06-30T06:38:23","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T20:38:23","slug":"nasas-newest-wind-tunnel-builds-on-legacy-of-innovation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/?p=466442","title":{"rendered":"NASA\u2019s\u00a0Newest\u00a0Wind Tunnel\u00a0Builds on Legacy of Innovation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro\">\n<div class=\"width-full maxw-full article-header\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full\">\n<p class=\"label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0\">5 min read<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"display-48 margin-bottom-2\">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A tall gray building beneath a blue sky.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg 7656w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/lrc-2026-ocio-p-01883-image-1.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The Flight Dynamics Research Facility, located at NASA\u2019s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, is the agency\u2019s first major wind tunnel built in more than 40 years.  <\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Mark Knopp<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>For more than\u202f100\u202fyears, wind tunnels at NASA\u2019s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, have helped shape the future of flight.\u202f&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Now, two of\u202fNASA\u2019s\u202flongest-serving facilities \u2014 the 12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel\u202fand the 20-Foot Vertical Spin Tunnel\u202f\u2014\u202fwill pass\u202fthe torch to\u202fthe Flight Dynamics Research Facility (FDRF),\u202fthe first major NASA wind tunnel built in more than 40 years.\u202f&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA\u2019s Newest Wind Tunnel Builds on Legacy of Innovation\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YzyW5vuM45o?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThe FDRF has a combination of features found in no other single facility in the world,\u201d said Mike\u00a0Fremaux,\u00a0retired\u00a0chief engineer for the Intelligent Flight Systems division at NASA Langley. \u201cIt\u2019s a high-performance vertical wind tunnel with a large test section capable of conducting all manner of tests to assess the dynamics of flight vehicles.\u201d \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>When the FDRF opens later this year, it will provide enhanced versions of the capabilities offered by the two legacy facilities. The FDRF\u2019s test\u00a0section will allow researchers to drop models into a rising vertical airflow. This will offer researchers the ability to conduct spin tests of aircraft and free-flight tests of vehicles designed to re-enter Earth\u2019s atmosphere from space. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The FDRF will play an integral role in conducting research that supports NASA\u2019s aeronautics, science, and space exploration missions. Like many NASA facilities, the FDRF&#8217;s story is rooted in a history of\u00a0innovation.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/12-foot-free-flight-test-in-1940-image-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"755\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/12-foot-free-flight-test-in-1940-image-2.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A light-colored aircraft model flies as two people watch from behind a window.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/12-foot-free-flight-test-in-1940-image-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/12-foot-free-flight-test-in-1940-image-2.jpg?resize=300,221 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/12-foot-free-flight-test-in-1940-image-2.jpg?resize=768,566 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/12-foot-free-flight-test-in-1940-image-2.jpg?resize=400,295 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/12-foot-free-flight-test-in-1940-image-2.jpg?resize=600,442 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/12-foot-free-flight-test-in-1940-image-2.jpg?resize=900,664 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A 1\/12th scale model of the SBN-1 is tested in the 12-Foot Free-Flight Tunnel\u2019s test section in 1940. <\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel<\/strong>\u202f\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>When the 12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel began operations in 1939, aviation looked very different than it does today. \u00a0<br \/>It was built for NASA\u2019s predecessor agency, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) to study the controllability of airplanes using free flight. Aircraft models flew unsupported in the wind it generated, instead of being mounted to\u00a0supports. Multiple operators used rudimentary remote controls to operate the models in the tunnel. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The facility that housed the tunnel boasted a unique design: a 60-foot diameter sphere. The configuration allowed the tunnel to move and adapt to the flight paths of free flying models. \u201cPilots\u201d could use hydraulic actuators, pivoting the tunnel\u2019s test section to match the models\u2019 movements. The spherical design made it easy for air from the facility\u2019s fan to recirculate through the tunnel, regardless of the pitch angle of the test section. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In 1958, NASA moved the free-flight tests to another Langley\u00a0 tunnel.\u00a0The agency deactivated the 12-Foot\u2019s hydraulic actuators, fixing its test section into a horizontal position, and began using it for more conventional testing, looking at how aerodynamic force affected the stability and control of strut-mounted models.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-and-12-foot-from-1946-image-3.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"793\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-and-12-foot-from-1946-image-3.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A dark, silo-shaped building to the left of a white building shaped like a sphere.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-and-12-foot-from-1946-image-3.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-and-12-foot-from-1946-image-3.jpg?resize=300,232 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-and-12-foot-from-1946-image-3.jpg?resize=768,595 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-and-12-foot-from-1946-image-3.jpg?resize=400,310 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-and-12-foot-from-1946-image-3.jpg?resize=600,465 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-and-12-foot-from-1946-image-3.jpg?resize=900,697 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The 20-Foot Vertical Spin Tunnel (left) and the 12-Foot Free-Flight Tunnel (later the 12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel) in 1946.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The 12-Foot supported major projects throughout its 86 years of service, from the\u202ftransition from\u00a0bi-planes to monoplanes\u202fbetween\u202ftwo world wars,\u202fthrough\u202fthe development of\u202fsupersonic\u202faircraft.\u202fRevolutionary designs saw testing in the 12-Foot, from the\u202fforward-swept-wing\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/nasa-aircraft\/x-29-demonstrator\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">X-29<\/a>\u202fand\u202fthe\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/nasa-aircraft\/x-31-demonstrator\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">X-31<\/a>\u202fEnhanced\u00a0Fighter<s>\u00a0<\/s>Maneuverability\u202fDemonstrator,\u202fto the more recent\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/quesst\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">X-59<\/a>\u202fquiet\u00a0supersonic\u202fresearch\u202faircraft,\u202fand\u202fthe aeroshell for\u202fNASA\u2019s\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/etd.gsfc.nasa.gov\/our-work\/dragonfly\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dragonfly<\/a>, a\u202funique\u202frotorcraft\u202fdesigned\u202fto\u202fexplore Titan, Saturn\u2019s largest moon.\u202f\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The 12-Foot\u202fclosed\u202fin 2025,\u202fbut its legacy will be both felt and seen at\u202fthe\u202fFDRF.\u202fSix\u202fwooden\u00a0fan blades\u202fand the\u00a0central\u00a0metal fan hub\u202ffrom the\u202f12-Foot\u202fare\u202fon\u202fdisplay\u202finside the\u202fFDRF\u2019s control\u202froom.\u202f\u00a0<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-mercury-capsule-1959-high-res-image-5.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-mercury-capsule-1959-high-res-image-5.jpg?w=819\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A white capsule model connected to a parachute flies inside a structure while multiple people watch.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-mercury-capsule-1959-high-res-image-5.jpg 819w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-mercury-capsule-1959-high-res-image-5.jpg?resize=240,300 240w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-mercury-capsule-1959-high-res-image-5.jpg?resize=768,960 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-mercury-capsule-1959-high-res-image-5.jpg?resize=320,400 320w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-mercury-capsule-1959-high-res-image-5.jpg?resize=480,600 480w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/vst-mercury-capsule-1959-high-res-image-5.jpg?resize=720,900 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Researchers at NASA\u2019s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia test a Mercury capsule model in 1959.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>20-Foot\u202fVertical Spin Tunnel<\/strong>\u202f\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>While the 12-Foot tested new ideas for aircraft and components, the\u00a020-Foot\u00a0Vertical Spin Tunnel played a critical role in aviation safety. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Opened in 1941, the Vertical Spin Tunnel was designed to study aircraft stall and spin characteristics. Its aim was to prevent deadly accidents in which an aircraft enters an uncontrolled spin. The vertical design allowed models to fall into the rising airflow, simulating how aircraft behave during a spin. Researchers hand-launched models into the tunnel\u2019s vertically rising airstream to evaluate those characteristics. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The tunnel quickly became one of the most important spin-testing facilities in the world. Research supported commercial aviation, parachute design systems, NASA space missions, and the development of nearly every U.S. military aircraft designed since World War II. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Models from many of those tests will be on display in the FDRF\u2019s lobby, a testament to the Vertical Spin Tunnel\u2019s rich history. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is great to showcase the legacy of work that started in the NACA days and will continue going forward for decades to come,\u201d\u00a0Fremaux\u00a0said.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/wide-of-history-timeline-image-7.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/wide-of-history-timeline-image-7.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Pictures on a wall inside a facility with a sign that reads \u201cFlight Dynamics Research Facility History.\u201d\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/wide-of-history-timeline-image-7.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/wide-of-history-timeline-image-7.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/wide-of-history-timeline-image-7.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/wide-of-history-timeline-image-7.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/wide-of-history-timeline-image-7.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/wide-of-history-timeline-image-7.jpg?resize=900,599 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The lobby of the Flight Dynamics Research Facility, located at NASA\u2019s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, features a timeline that details the histories of the 12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel and the 20-Foot Vertical Spin Tunnel. <\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Mark Knopp<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>New\u00a0era of\u00a0flight\u00a0research<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>The\u00a0FDRF will continue NASA\u2019s commitment to world-class facilities and the unique expertise of\u00a0the agency\u2019s\u00a0workforce. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s what kept those other facilities going,\u201d\u00a0Fremaux\u00a0said. \u201cNot just the buildings, the fans, and the motors, but also the expertise associated with those facilities. You can\u2019t have one without the other.\u201d \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The FDRF will build not only on the history of the 12-Foot\u00a0tunnel\u00a0and the Vertical Spin Tunnel,\u00a0but\u00a0on\u00a0their equipment, including\u00a0many of their major test rigs, instrumentation, and data systems, were repurposed for use in the FDRF, reducing costs and development time. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As NASA returns astronauts to the Moon through the Artemis\u00a0program,\u00a0the FDRF will play a vital role in testing the technologies for entry, descent, and landing that will ensure a safe return to Earth. Research within the FDRF\u00a0also\u00a0will\u00a0support science missions to planets and moons with atmospheres, such as Venus and Saturn\u2019s moon, Titan. The 25,000-square-foot facility will play a major role in experimental research for NASA\u2019s development of X-planes, autonomous flight vehicles, and drones. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor me, seeing FDRF come alive and being prepared to begin supporting important agency missions, after 30 years of working on the concept behind the scenes with formal and informal teams of motivated, innovative coworkers, is the most rewarding capstone I could have in my career,\u201d Fremaux said. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Just as the 12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel and the\u00a020-Foot\u00a0Vertical Spin Tunnel supported decades of aerospace innovation, the FDRF is ready to shape the future of flight.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Kimiko Booker<br \/>NASA Langley Research Center<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_b hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 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\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters-and-facilities%2Flangley%2Fnasas-newest-wind-tunnel-builds-on-legacy-of-innovation%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn.\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\"\/><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-rss\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feed\/\" aria-label=\"Subscribe to RSS feed.\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 800\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Jun 29, 2026<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"article-tags\">\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/langley-research-center\/\">Langley Research Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/\">Aeronautics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/general\/\">General<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\n<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/general\/mapping-earths-observations-featuring-betsy-ford\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/earth-fleet-chart-06102025-1080p.png?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/earth-fleet-chart-06102025-1080p.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/earth-fleet-chart-06102025-1080p.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/earth-fleet-chart-06102025-1080p.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/earth-fleet-chart-06102025-1080p.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/earth-fleet-chart-06102025-1080p.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/earth-fleet-chart-06102025-1080p.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/earth-fleet-chart-06102025-1080p.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/earth-fleet-chart-06102025-1080p.png?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/earth-fleet-chart-06102025-1080p.png?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">6 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Mapping Earth&#8217;s Observations, featuring Betsy Ford<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5 hours ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/esdmd\/artemis-campaign-development-division\/human-landing-system-program\/nasa-announces-winners-for-2026-human-lander-challenge\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg 3600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?resize=1536,1023 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?resize=2048,1364 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?resize=1200,799 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ceb-6192.jpg?resize=2000,1332 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">3 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Announces Winners for 2026 Human Lander Challenge<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/armstrong\/this-is-how-nasa-flight-tests-new-technology\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/AFRC2026-0095-04\/AFRC2026-0095-04~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/AFRC2026-0095-04\/AFRC2026-0095-04~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/AFRC2026-0095-04\/AFRC2026-0095-04~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=200&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/AFRC2026-0095-04\/AFRC2026-0095-04~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=512&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/AFRC2026-0095-04\/AFRC2026-0095-04~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=683&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/AFRC2026-0095-04\/AFRC2026-0095-04~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1024&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/AFRC2026-0095-04\/AFRC2026-0095-04~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=267&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/AFRC2026-0095-04\/AFRC2026-0095-04~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/AFRC2026-0095-04\/AFRC2026-0095-04~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/AFRC2026-0095-04\/AFRC2026-0095-04~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=800&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">3 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">This is How NASA Flight Tests New Technology<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For more than\u202f100\u202fyears, wind tunnels at NASA\u2019s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, have helped shape the future of flight.\u202f\u00a0 Now, two of\u202fNASA\u2019s\u202flongest-serving facilities \u2014 the 12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel\u202fand the 20-Foot Vertical Spin Tunnel\u202f\u2014\u202fwill pass\u202fthe torch to\u202fthe Flight Dynamics Research Facility (FDRF),\u202fthe first major NASA wind tunnel built in more than 40 years.\u202f\u00a0 \u201cThe FDRF [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15640,15606,15611],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-466442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aeronautics","category-general","category-langley-research-center"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"For more than 100 years, wind tunnels at NASA\u2019s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, have helped shape the future of flight. 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