{"id":234484,"date":"2025-06-13T03:48:30","date_gmt":"2025-06-12T17:48:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/nasas-hurricane-science-tech-data-help-american-communities\/"},"modified":"2025-06-13T03:48:30","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T17:48:30","slug":"nasas-hurricane-science-tech-data-help-american-communities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/?p=234484","title":{"rendered":"NASA\u2019s Hurricane Science, Tech, Data Help American Communities"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\">\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"hds-secondary-nav-track\"><span>Earth (ESD)<\/span><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-nav-track grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-0 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-2 \">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items\">\n<nav>\n<ul class=\"usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0\">\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Explore<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button>\n<ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Explore Earth Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/air-quality\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Air Quality<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/climate-change\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Change<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/freshwater\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Freshwater<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/life-on-earth\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Life on Earth<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/severe-storms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Severe Storms<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/snow-and-ice\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Snow and Ice<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/the-global-ocean\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Global Ocean<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Science at Work<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button>\n<ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth-science\/earth-science-at-work\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Science at Work<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth-science\/earth-science-at-work\/technology-innovation\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology and Innovation<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth-science\/earth-science-at-work\/powering-businesses\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Powering Business<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Multimedia<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button>\n<ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/multimedia\" rel=\"noopener\">Image Collections<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\"  href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/multimedia\/videos\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Videos<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/data\" rel=\"noopener\">Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth-science\" rel=\"noopener\">For Researchers<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth-science\/programs\/\" rel=\"noopener\">About Us<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full minh-tablet grid-container minh-tablet flex-column padding-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-direction-column\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-3 z-400\">\n<div class=\"z-400 grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 z-400\">\n<div class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2\">12 Min Read<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNASA\u2019s Hurricane Science, Tech, Data Help American Communities\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153440\/ISS072-E-29325.jpg?w=720&#038;h=480&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"View from space shows a massive Hurricane Milton with a well-defined eye and spiral cloud bands over the ocean.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"eager\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153440\/ISS072-E-29325.jpg?w=720&#038;h=480&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 720w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153440\/ISS072-E-29325.jpg?w=300&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153440\/ISS072-E-29325.jpg?w=400&#038;h=267&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153440\/ISS072-E-29325.jpg?w=600&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-y-3 padding-x-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0\"><figcaption class=\"hds-caption maxw-mobile desktop:padding-x-3\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0 color-carbon-30\">\n<div><figcaption>Hurricane Milton swirls over the ocean in this view from the International Space Station.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Credits: <\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>ISS Astronaut\/Earth Observatory<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NASA supports hurricane preparedness and response<\/strong> by providing satellite data and science before, during, and after storms.<\/li>\n<li>During hurricane season, NASA delivers <strong>timely flood maps, power outage insights, landslide risk assessments, and more<\/strong> to state and federal partners.<\/li>\n<li><strong>NASA tests innovative technologies<\/strong>, from AI models to mini satellites, to enhance how we monitor hurricanes and their impacts.<\/li>\n<li>NASA\u2019s long-term tracking of wind, ocean heat, and atmospheric moisture improves understanding of <strong>where hurricanes might form and intensify<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"height:72px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>With the Atlantic hurricane season underway, NASA is again gearing up to produce cutting-edge research that strengthens the nation\u2019s ability to prepare for and respond to severe weather. From satellite imagery of our planet to improved storm modeling, the agency\u2019s work supports communities in anticipating and reducing the impacts of hurricanes.<\/p>\n<p>In 2024, hurricanes including Helene and Milton showed NASA\u2019s wide-ranging capabilities. As the storms approached the United States, the agency\u2019s network of satellites and scientists swung into action. Within hours of landfall, NASA\u2019s Disasters Response Coordination System was supplying emergency managers and others with flood maps, power outage assessments, and other crucial data.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPeople might be surprised how deeply NASA is involved in hurricane science,\u201d said Scott Braun, a research meteorologist at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u201cWe are not the agencies issuing forecasts or warnings, but our technologies and science are making fundamental contributions to how we understand, predict, and respond to these storms.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Disaster Response Powered by NASA<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>When hurricanes strike, NASA\u2019s Disasters Response Coordination System aids state and federal agencies, producing and sharing imagery and data, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/disasters-nasa.hub.arcgis.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Disasters Mapping Portal<\/a>, which offers tools to assess storm damage.<\/p>\n<p>One crucial tool is <a href=\"https:\/\/worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov\/?v=-276.54044068568203,-82.28418132430758,169.67242929007537,115.0927595812407&#038;l=Reference_Labels_15m(hidden),Reference_Features_15m(hidden),Coastlines_15m(hidden),VIIRS_SNPP_DayNightBand_At_Sensor_Radiance,VIIRS_Black_Marble,VIIRS_SNPP_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor(hidden),MODIS_Aqua_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor(hidden),MODIS_Terra_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor(hidden)&#038;%23038;lg=false&#038;%23038;t=2021-01-10-T19%3A18%3A03Z\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\u2019s Black Marble product suite<\/a>, produced and maintained by NASA Goddard. Using data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), researchers and others can map nighttime lights and detect power outages.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike traditional outage maps, which often show only county-level data, NASA\u2019s Black Marble can provide a more detailed view. It offers calibrated, daily observations, enabling high-confidence tracking of neighborhood-level impacts. Emergency response teams in Florida, for instance, have used this imagery to assess conditions near hazardous waste sites before heading into the field after a hurricane.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module align wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-before-after\">\n<div class=\"NasaBlocksImageBeforeAfterBlock grid-container grid-row grid-container-block bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-0 padding-y-6 margin-x-auto nasa-block-align-\">\n<div class=\"padding-x-0 grid-col-12\">\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- curtain view --><\/p>\n<div class=\"img-comparison-slider-parent comparison-view-active\">\n\t\t\t\t<img-comparison-slider><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" slot=\"first\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" slot=\"second\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/img-comparison-slider><\/p>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\">before<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-after\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\">after<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- toggle view --><\/p>\n<div class=\"toggle-comparison-parent\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- if image_1 is active the show image_1 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover toggle-view-image toggle-view-before-image toggle-view-active\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg?w=720&#038;h=600&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"The state faced widespread power outages after winds from Hurricane Helene snapped trees, tore off roofs, and toppled power lines.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg?w=720&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 720w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg?w=300&#038;h=250&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg?w=400&#038;h=333&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg?w=600&#038;h=500&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- if image_2 is active the show image_2 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover toggle-view-image toggle-view-after-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg?w=720\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"The night satellite image of the greater Augusta area shows gray dark city streets across most of the image with small pockets of orange to purple coloration that indicate lighting.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg 720w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg?resize=300,250 300w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg?resize=400,333 400w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg?resize=600,500 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The state faced widespread power outages after winds from Hurricane Helene snapped trees, tore off roofs, and toppled power lines. <a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/images\/153394\/dark-nights-in-georgia\" rel=\"noopener\">View the full story<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA Earth Observatory\/Lauren Dauphin<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<div class=\"toggle-button-container padding-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle-view-before-button toggle-comparison-view-active margin-right-1px\"><span class=\"toggle-view-before-label\">before<\/span><\/button><button class=\"toggle-view-after-button margin-left-1px\"><span class=\"toggle-view-after-label\">after<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- 2-up view --><\/p>\n<div class=\"two-up-view position-relative bg-carbon-10\">\n<div class=\"grid-row\">\n<div class=\"grid-col flex-3 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg?w=720&#038;h=600&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"The state faced widespread power outages after winds from Hurricane Helene snapped trees, tore off roofs, and toppled power lines.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg?w=720&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 720w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg?w=300&#038;h=250&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg?w=400&#038;h=333&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/eo\/images\/imagerecords\/153000\/153394\/augusta_bmhd_20240831.jpg?w=600&#038;h=500&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bg-spacesuit-white width-2px\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col flex-3 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg?w=720\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"The night satellite image of the greater Augusta area shows gray dark city streets across most of the image with small pockets of orange to purple coloration that indicate lighting.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg 720w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg?resize=300,250 300w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg?resize=400,333 400w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/augusta-bmhd-20240928.jpg?resize=600,500 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The state faced widespread power outages after winds from Hurricane Helene snapped trees, tore off roofs, and toppled power lines. <a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/images\/153394\/dark-nights-in-georgia\" rel=\"noopener\">View the full story<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA Earth Observatory\/Lauren Dauphin<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbefore\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-after\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tafter\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- Under image content --><\/p>\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-row title-row padding-x-2 desktop:padding-x-0 padding-top-2\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6\">\n<p class=\"before-after-subheading margin-top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tScientists with NASA\u2019s Black Marble processed data from VIIRS on the NOAA-NASA Suomi NPP satellite to show how power outages darkened Augusta, Georgia, before and after Hurricane Helene. <a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/images\/153394\/dark-nights-in-georgia\" rel=\"noopener\">View the full story<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 button-row margin-bottom-3 tablet:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Update onClick handlers --><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Curtain view\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"comparison-view curtain-view-button comparison-view-active padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>Curtain<\/button><button\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Toggle view\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"comparison-view toggle-view-button padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>Toggle<\/button><button\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Two-Up view\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"comparison-view two-up-view-button padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>2-Up<\/button>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t<!-- Image detail area --><\/p>\n<div class=\"image-details-panel padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"before-after-details-divider padding-y-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- OnClick handleImageDetailsClick --><button class=\"image-details-toggle-button\"><span>Image Details<\/span><!-- style - if showImageDetails, then transform rotate(180deg), else none --><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" width=\"14\" height=\"15\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 15\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"7\" cy=\"7.5\" r=\"6.5\" stroke=\"#58585B\" \/><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M7.0002 8.23854L9.26318 5.95996L9.80019 6.50067L7.0002 9.31996L4.2002 6.50067L4.73721 5.95996L7.0002 8.23854Z\" fill=\"#58585B\" \/><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- if showImageDetails, then display --><\/p>\n<div id=\"image-details\" class=\" padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row\">\n<div class=\"grid-col flex-2\">\n<div class=\"image-details-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- File List --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Other NASA technologies map flooding. Scientists at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama used the European Space Agency\u2019s Sentinel-1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/learn\/earth-observation-data-basics\/sar\" rel=\"noopener\">synthetic aperture radar<\/a> data and other data from the NASA\/U.S. Geological Survey Landsat satellites and ESA\u2019s Sentinel-2 to track flooding after multiple hurricanes in 2024, including Helene and Milton.<\/p>\n<p>These maps were shared through the NASA Disasters Mapping Portal with state and federal emergency managers responding to storms\u2019 impacts in Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, and elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe ability to see floodwaters and landscape changes gives communities a critical edge during response and recovery,\u201d said Shanna McClain, disasters program manager for NASA\u2019s Earth Science Division at NASA headquarters in Washington. \u201cIt helps decision-makers act faster when every minute counts.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Hurricanes don\u2019t just knock out power or trigger flooding \u2014 they can also loosen mountains. After Hurricane Helene, NASA scientists partnered with USGS to tackle a different threat: landslides throughout the southern Appalachian Mountains. NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/gpm.nasa.gov\/landslides\/projects.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Landslide Hazard Assessment for Situational Awareness<\/a> tool, developed at NASA Goddard, can help spot landslide-prone areas by combining different troves of satellite data.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe landslide model brings together a wide range of Earth science,\u201d said Thomas Stanley, a research scientist at NASA Goddard. \u201cIt\u2019s a real convergence of satellite observations \u2014 soil moisture, precipitation, elevation \u2014 each one adding a key piece to the puzzle.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=3300&#038;h=2550&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"3300\" height=\"2550\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=3300&#038;h=2550&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Map showing landslide hazards\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=3300&#038;h=2550&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=300&#038;h=232&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=768&#038;h=593&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=791&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1187&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1583&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=400&#038;h=309&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=600&#038;h=464&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=900&#038;h=695&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=927&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/LHASA_LSHazardEstimate.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1545&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3300px) 100vw, 3300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA and USGS used rainfall data and modeling to estimate landslide hazards in the Appalachians following Hurricane Helene, highlighting high-risk zones across western North Carolina.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/USGS<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In the days during and after Helene, a NASA-USGS team adapted this model to incorporate ground-based rainfall measurements. \u201cThis collaboration proved crucial during the critical first days when lingering clouds prevented direct satellite imaging of landslides,\u201d said Kate Allstadt, a research geophysicist at USGS. \u201cCombining NASA and USGS landslide models guided aerial reconnaissance over four states and helped prioritize areas for detailed mapping.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>NASA Disasters Response coordinators also partnered with USGS to manually map likely landslide areas in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, using high-resolution satellite imagery. This partnership enabled early warnings to agencies such as the North Carolina Geological Survey about potential landslide zones before visual confirmation was possible.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tracking Hurricanes in Near Real Time<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>As hurricanes gather strength over warm ocean waters, NASA\u2019s satellites begin tracking them. One effort providing essential data on hurricanes is the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, a collaboration between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Passing over storms once or twice per day, the GPM core satellite captures high-resolution data on rainfall intensity and distribution.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe GPM mission gives us an inside look at where a storm is dropping the most rain and how intense it is,\u201d said George Huffman, GPM project scientist at NASA Goddard. \u201cThat kind of information helps forecasters make better predictions and gives communities more time to prepare for flooding and dangerous conditions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Huffman\u2019s team leads <a href=\"https:\/\/gpm.nasa.gov\/data\/imerg\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\u2019s IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM) product<\/a>, which combines GPM Core Observatory data with observations from other satellites to generate near real-time, global rainfall estimates every 30 minutes. For example, IMERG tracked the record-breaking rainfall that fell during Hurricane Harvey in 2017, when parts of Texas saw more than 50 inches of rain.<\/p>\n<p>Satellite-based rainfall data can be especially vital when a big storm like Harvey or Helene knocks out ground-based rain measurements, Huffman said. <\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><video class=\"hds-video-background \" alt=\"Visualization depicts satellite-based rainfall amounts during Hurricane Harvey, highlighting extreme precipitation over Texas and Louisiana.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" autoplay=\"true\" loop muted=\"true\" playsinline=\"true\"><source src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/cds\/svs\/a010000\/a012600\/a012697\/12697_Hurricane_Harvey_MASTER_youtube_1080.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\" \/><\/video><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Watch Hurricane Harvey as it makes landfall in Texas and Louisiana in 2017. The visualization depicts precipitation measured by the GPM mission, highlighting record-shattering rainfall over Texas and Louisiana. Blue is frozen precipitation, while green to red is rainfall.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\u2019s Scientific Visualization Studio<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>NASA also is working to turn precipitation data into practical flood predictions. One such effort, led by NASA-funded hydrologist Ed Beighley at Northeastern University in Boston, merges rainfall estimates from the GPM mission with National Weather Service river discharge models and surface water mapping methods to identify areas likely to experience flooding.<\/p>\n<p>During Hurricane Helene, his team provided early versions of these flood maps to the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn some cases, like with Helene, we could see where disasters were likely to be declared just from the rainfall data \u2014 days before the disaster declarations were made official,\u201d Beighley said. \u201cThat kind of near real-time information could really help counties and health departments prepare and coordinate response efforts.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That same focus on improving early flood prediction was at the heart of NASA\u2019s response to Hurricane Debby when it made landfall in Florida in August 2024. At NASA Marshall, the <a href=\"https:\/\/weather.ndc.nasa.gov\/sport\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT)<\/a> team used its Land Information System to track soil moisture levels, crucial for understanding the potential for flooding.<\/p>\n<p>The team\u2019s Streamflow-AI model \u2014 a machine learning tool trained to predict how rivers respond to rainfall \u2014 also forecasted rising waters in small streams and creeks in Florida and the Carolinas.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe streamflow tool is used pretty heavily by the National Weather Service now to help inform flood forecasts, which then filters down to evacuation orders,\u201d said Patrick Duran, a NASA Marshall research scientist with SPoRT.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/sport_lis.gif?w=1200&#038;h=575&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/sport_lis.gif?w=1200&#038;h=575&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"SPoRT\u2019s Stream Flow AI showing the flooding potential for Swannanoa River in Asheville, North Carolina.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA SPoRT\u2019s Streamflow-AI model shows the flooding potential for the Swannanoa River in Asheville, North Carolina, during and after Hurricane Helene.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA SPoRT<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Reinventing the Tech That Sees Into Storms<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>NASA doesn\u2019t just collect data on hurricanes or aid in their aftermath \u2014 it is redefining the technology we use to observe and understand them. This work is not only improving forecasts and warnings but also helping to fuel the growth of America\u2019s commercial satellite industry.<\/p>\n<p>Take NASA\u2019s TROPICS mission. Short for Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats, TROPICS represents a fundamental shift in how we might monitor hurricanes from space. Rather than relying solely on intermittent passes by larger satellites, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/goddard\/nasas-tropics-offers-multiple-views-of-intensifying-hurricanes\/\" rel=\"noopener\">TROPICS uses a group of small, lower-cost satellites<\/a> working in concert to provide more frequent observations of tropical storm systems \u2014 offering a complementary approach to storm monitoring.<\/p>\n<p>During Hurricane Helene, the TROPICS satellites tracked the storm through nearly its entire life cycle, capturing data on its rapid intensification from a tropical depression to a powerful category 4 hurricane before landfall in Florida\u2019s Big Bend region.<\/p>\n<p>Each TROPICS satellite carries a microwave radiometer. Unlike optical sensors, this instrument can see through clouds, making it ideal for tracking storms. The TROPICS\u2019 radiometers are tuned to detect temperature, moisture, and precipitation patterns inside hurricanes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe TROPICS mission is really good at providing images of the structure of a storm, showing how well defined the eye is, which is key for improving forecasting,\u201d said William Blackwell, TROPICS principal investigator at MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Massachusetts.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><video class=\"hds-video-background \" alt=\"Data visualization shows Hurricane Helene\u2019s path, tracked by the TROPICS mission from formation through landfall and weakening across the southeastern U.S.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" autoplay=\"true\" loop muted=\"true\" playsinline=\"true\"><source src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/Helene0927_v93_2024-10-01_1139.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\" \/><\/video><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA\u2019s TROPICS mission monitored Hurricane Helene throughout its life cycle. This visualization shows how the tropical depression rapidly intensified into a category 4 hurricane before hitting Florida and then moving inland.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\u2019s Scientific Visualization Studio<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Tomorrow.io, an American weather company, is using radiometer technology derived from TROPICS as it develops tools for commercial weather forecasting. The company also is working to adapt radar technology first tested on NASA\u2019s RainCube mission.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/missions\/radar-in-a-cubesat-raincube\/\" rel=\"noopener\">RainCube<\/a>, a small satellite about the size of a shoebox developed by NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, operated from 2018 to 2020. It used radar to study precipitation, sending signals toward Earth and analyzing how long they took to bounce back, and how strong they were after reflecting off raindrops, snowflakes, and cloud ice.<\/p>\n<p>Full-scale satellites have been using radar technology to make that kind of measurement for years. \u201cThe key thing with RainCube wasn\u2019t bringing in new science,\u201d said Simone Tanelli, RainCube principal scientist at JPL. \u201cInstead, it was showing that we could give you similar data with a box that\u2019s roughly 100 times smaller in volume than a full-size satellite.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>NASA also tests how other small, lower-cost instruments could transform how we monitor tropical storms. Two such tools \u2014 COWVR, short for Compact Ocean Wind Vector Radiometer measures ocean surface winds, and TEMPEST, short for Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems tracks atmospheric water vapor \u2014 were launched to the International Space Station in 2021.<\/p>\n<p>Using technology and designs from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/news\/dynamic-nasa-built-weather-sensors-enlisted-to-track-tropical-cyclones\/\" rel=\"noopener\">JPL<\/a> and other NASA teams, TEMPEST and COWVR already are proving their value. Their data has been used by the U.S. Joint Typhoon Warning Center to help track and forecast powerful storms, such as Tropical Cyclone Mandous in December 2022.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/jpegPIA25565.width-1320.jpg?w=1320&#038;h=1149&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1320\" height=\"1149\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/jpegPIA25565.width-1320.jpg?w=1320&#038;h=1149&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"This image of Tropical Cyclone Mandous, created with COWVR and TEMPEST data, shows the storm's structure and intensity as it nears southern India in December 2022.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/jpegPIA25565.width-1320.jpg?w=1320&#038;h=1149&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1320w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/jpegPIA25565.width-1320.jpg?w=300&#038;h=261&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/jpegPIA25565.width-1320.jpg?w=768&#038;h=669&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/jpegPIA25565.width-1320.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=891&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/jpegPIA25565.width-1320.jpg?w=400&#038;h=348&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/jpegPIA25565.width-1320.jpg?w=600&#038;h=522&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/jpegPIA25565.width-1320.jpg?w=900&#038;h=783&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/jpegPIA25565.width-1320.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=1045&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1320px) 100vw, 1320px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Data from the COWVR and TEMPEST instruments aboard the ISS was used to create this image of Tropical Cyclone Mandous, which forecasters used to understand the December 2022 storm\u2019s intensity and predict its path toward southern India.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">U.S. Joint Typhoon Warning Center\/U.S. Naval Research Laboratory<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>NASA researchers also are investigating lightning, which has emerged as a key clue in predicting rapid storm intensification, a dangerous phase of the hurricane life cycle that is one of the most difficult aspects of hurricane forecasting. Spikes in lightning activity, especially in the eyewall, can be an early sign that a storm is about to strengthen quickly.<\/p>\n<p>The agency\u2019s SPoRT project is researching how lightning data from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper can improve hurricane forecasting. This sensor provides a nearly continuous view of lightning activity over oceans and in remote land regions that have fewer weather observations. The instrument rides aboard NOAA\u2019s (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/goes\/\" rel=\"noopener\">GOES weather satellites<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBy studying the size and energy of lightning flashes inside hurricanes, we\u2019re learning how they might signal whether a storm is about to intensify or weaken,\u201d said Duran. \u201cIt\u2019s an evolving area of research with a lot of potential.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>During Hurricane Helene, SPoRT\u2019s lightning analyses revealed a burst of strong, frequent flashes in the eyewall just before the storm surged from category 2 to category 4 intensity. That\u2019s exactly the kind of signal researchers hope to detect more reliably in the future.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/image6.gif?w=1440&#038;h=810&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/image6.gif?w=1440&#038;h=810&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Animated sequence showing repeated, bright lightning flashes in the circular eyewall of Hurricane Helene, as viewed from space by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper. The flashes intensify and become more frequent, illustrating the storm\u2019s rapid strengthening from Category 2 to Category 4 shortly before landfall.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Bright, large lightning flashes seen in Hurricane Helene\u2019s eyewall, captured by NASA SPoRT\u2019s Geostationary Lightning Mapper viewer, indicate the storm\u2019s rapid intensification from category 2 to 4 just hours before landfall.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA SPoRT<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>NASA frequently uses its airplanes to test new hurricane tech, too. In one recent example, scientists from NASA\u2019s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, flew <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/general\/nasa-3d-wind-measuring-laser-aims-to-improve-forecasts-from-air-space\/\" rel=\"noopener\">a cutting-edge 3-D Doppler wind lidar system<\/a> across the United States, including making passes through the edges of Hurricane Helene. The instrument is designed to capture high-resolution wind data that can improve predictions of rapidly evolving storms, such as hurricanes and severe thunderstorms, where accurate wind observations are essential, but often lacking.<\/p>\n<p>Braun compared these multiple data streams \u2014 from TROPICS, GPM, and other instruments \u2014 to medical imaging. \u201cThink about how doctors use different types of scans like X-rays, MRIs, and ultrasound to understand what\u2019s happening inside a patient\u2019s body,\u201d he said. \u201cWe\u2019re doing something similar with hurricanes. Each system gives us a different view of the storm\u2019s internal structure and environment, with the goal of improving forecasts.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Watching For Hurricane Warning Signs<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Long before a hurricane takes shape, NASA satellites are already scanning the global ocean and atmosphere, closely tracking the conditions that give rise to powerful storms. One of the most important indicators is sea surface temperature.<\/p>\n<p>NASA combines data from multiple satellites and sensors \u2014 such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and VIIRS \u2014 to produce sea surface temperature maps like JPL\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/podaac.jpl.nasa.gov\/MEaSUREs-MUR\" rel=\"noopener\">Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution Sea Surface Temperature<\/a> product and SPoRT\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/weather.ndc.nasa.gov\/sport\/sst\/descriptions.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Sea Surface Temperature Composite<\/a> product. These global maps, updated daily, support users such as the National Weather Service.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHaving high-resolution, reliable sources of sea surface temperature data is extremely useful,\u201d said Brian McNoldy of the University of Miami, who studies hurricanes. \u201cFrom one day to the next, these datasets help identify which parts of the tropical Atlantic are above or below average. That information lets forecasters anticipate where storms might strengthen or weaken.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/milton-sport-vir2-20241007.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/milton-sport-vir2-20241007.jpg?w=720\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The image of the gulf coast, land in gray and ocean with a temperature gradient overlay with current cloud coverage shows Hurricane Milton. The ocean temperatures overlay shows all Gulf of Mexico waters in a shade of red. The range of color on the warm side of the spectrum ranges from pale yellow at 21 degrees C to a dark, near black shade of red, at 32 degrees C or more.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/milton-sport-vir2-20241007.jpg 720w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/milton-sport-vir2-20241007.jpg?resize=300,227 300w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/milton-sport-vir2-20241007.jpg?resize=400,303 400w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/milton-sport-vir2-20241007.jpg?resize=600,454 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Hurricane Milton rapidly intensified to category 5 strength over warm gulf waters. <a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/images\/153429\/fuel-for-hurricane-milton\" rel=\"noopener\">View the full story<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA Earth Observatory\/Wanmei Liang<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ocean surface temperatures are only part of the story. NASA also monitors sea surface height with missions such as Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich and SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography), using these measurements as indicators for deeper ocean heat content, a key source of energy fueling hurricanes.<\/p>\n<p>Other NASA-built satellites and sensors measure atmospheric moisture, ocean surface winds, and atmospheric stability, all essential factors influencing whether a storm strengthens or dissipates.<\/p>\n<p>NASA also uses its aircraft to study early storm development up close. In 2022, the agency\u2019s Convective Processes Experiment-Cabo Verde \u00a0airborne campaign flew off the northwest coast of Africa to study weather systems that can give rise to hurricanes.<\/p>\n<p>The team focused in part on African easterly waves \u2014 swirling disturbances in the atmosphere that often become the seeds of Atlantic storms. One of the waves they observed later developed into Tropical Storm Hermine. The mission also gathered data that same year just before hurricanes <a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/images\/150402\/fuel-for-ian-cool-from-fiona\" rel=\"noopener\">Fiona<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/images\/event\/150426\/hurricane-ian\" rel=\"noopener\">Ian<\/a> formed.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe strength of NASA\u2019s pre-storm monitoring lies in both the breadth of measurements we take and the decades-long consistency behind them,\u201d said Will McCarty, manager of weather programs at NASA Headquarters.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBy combining data on sea surface temperature, ocean heat content, wind patterns, and more, we can see early on when conditions align dangerously \u2014 often before a storm visibly forms,\u201d McCarty said. \u201cIt\u2019s how we turn early warning into early action.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-about-the-author nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-about-the-author\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-x-0 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black padding-top-3\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-14\">About the Author<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container padding-x-0 maxw-widescreen\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9\">\n<div class=\"grid-row\">\n<div class=\"hds-author-thumbnail mobile:circle-6 mobile:maxw-6 circle-card maxw-card thumbnail margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"10rem\" height=\"10rem\" loading=\"lazy\" fetchpriority=\"low\" class=\"avatar avatar-300 photo medium\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5c5589c5de7230fdacf1ef61c234ee1f?s=300&#038;d=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.science.nasa.gov%2Fdynamicimage%2Fassets%2Fscience%2Fpsd%2Fsolar%2Fbosf%2Fimages%2Feditor-page-nasa-logo-250s.png%3Fw%3D250%26h%3D250%26fit%3Dclip%26crop%3Dfaces%252Cfocalpoint&#038;%23038;r=g\" alt=\"Emily DeMarco\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-29 line-height-sm\">Emily DeMarco<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-y-2\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9\">\n<p class=\"margin-top-0\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_b hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?via=NASA&#038;text=NASA%26%238217%3Bs%20Hurricane%20Science%2C%20Tech%2C%20Data%20Help%20American%20Communities&#038;%23038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fearth%2Fnasas-hurricane-science-tech-data-help-american-communities%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on X.\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fearth%2Fnasas-hurricane-science-tech-data-help-american-communities%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook.\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z\"\/><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fearth%2Fnasas-hurricane-science-tech-data-help-american-communities%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn.\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\"\/><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-rss\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/feed\/\" aria-label=\"Subscribe to RSS feed.\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 800\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Jun 12, 2025<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"article-tags\">\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/category\/earth\/extreme-weather-events\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Extreme Weather Events<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/category\/earth\/natural-disasters\/hurricanes-typhoons\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Hurricanes &#038; Typhoons<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\n<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/leaf-year-seeing-plants-in-hyperspectral-color\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"3600\" height=\"1800\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=3600&#038;h=1800&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=3600&#038;h=1800&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=300&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=768&#038;h=384&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=1536&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=2048&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=400&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=600&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=900&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=1200&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/cds\/general\/images\/2023\/10\/biosphere-sea-2008-lrg.png?w=2000&#038;h=1000&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3600px) 100vw, 3600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">1 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Leaf Year: Seeing Plants in Hyperspectral Color<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">PACE now allows scientists to see three different pigments in vegetation, helping scientists pinpoint even\u2026<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/heliophysics\/what-nasa-is-learning-from-the-biggest-geomagnetic-storm-in-20-years\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85%E3%81%A8%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1365&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1365&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=300&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=768&#038;h=512&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=683&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=400&#038;h=267&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=600&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=900&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=800&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1333&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">6 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">What NASA Is Learning from the Biggest Geomagnetic Storm in 20 Years<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 month ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/nasa-data-helps-map-tiny-plankton-that-feed-giant-right-whales\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1922\" height=\"1104\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/C.Finmarchicus.jpg?w=1922&#038;h=1104&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/C.Finmarchicus.jpg?w=1922&#038;h=1104&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1922w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/C.Finmarchicus.jpg?w=300&#038;h=172&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/C.Finmarchicus.jpg?w=768&#038;h=441&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/C.Finmarchicus.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=588&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/C.Finmarchicus.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=882&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/C.Finmarchicus.jpg?w=400&#038;h=230&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/C.Finmarchicus.jpg?w=600&#038;h=345&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/C.Finmarchicus.jpg?w=900&#038;h=517&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/C.Finmarchicus.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=689&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1922px) 100vw, 1922px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">6 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Data Helps Map Tiny Plankton That Feed Giant Right Whales<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 month ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Earth<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">Your home. Our Mission. And the one planet that NASA studies more than any other.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001016~large.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/explore\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Explore Earth Science<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1920&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1920&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=768&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=50&#038;h=50&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=100&#038;h=100&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=200&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=400&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=900&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202212160009\/NHQ202212160009~large.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/in-action\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Earth Science in Action<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">NASA&#8217;s unique vantage point helps us inform solutions to enhance decision-making, improve livelihoods, and protect our planet.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"307\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=300,60 300w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=768,154 768w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=1024,205 1024w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=1536,307 1536w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=2048,410 2048w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=400,80 400w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=600,120 600w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=900,180 900w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=1200,240 1200w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/banner-home-2500x500-v1.jpg?resize=2000,400 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/multimedia\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Earth Multimedia &#038; Galleries<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2452\" height=\"1910\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/articles\/2025\/Screenshot%202024-11-25%20at%201.49.21%20AM.png?w=2452&#038;h=1910&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With hurricane season underway, NASA is gearing up to produce cutting-edge research to bolster the nation\u2019s readiness and response to severe weather.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15644,17050,17051],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-234484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth","category-extreme-weather-events","category-hurricanes-typhoons"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/234484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=234484"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/234484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":234956,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/234484\/revisions\/234956"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=234484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=234484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=234484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}