{"id":233928,"date":"2025-06-12T04:15:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T18:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/missions\/webb\/nasas-webb-uncovers-galaxy-population-driving-cosmic-renovation\/"},"modified":"2025-06-12T04:15:00","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T18:15:00","slug":"nasas-webb-uncovers-galaxy-population-driving-cosmic-renovation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/?p=233928","title":{"rendered":"NASA\u2019s Webb \u2018UNCOVERs\u2019 Galaxy Population Driving Cosmic Renovation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\">\n<div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\">\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-light hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex 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class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2\">5 Min Read<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNASA\u2019s Webb \u2018UNCOVERs\u2019 Galaxy Population Driving Cosmic Renovation\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"5981\" height=\"4482\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=5981&#038;h=4482&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"Composite Webb NIRCam image of galaxy cluster Abell 2744, showing the locations of young starburst galaxies. White and yellow galaxies of various sizes and shapes appear against the blackness of space. Two bright stars in our own galaxy display prominent six-spike diffraction patterns with bluish rays, visible at center left and lower left. Superimposed on the infrared image are 20 white diamonds, each representing a young galaxy investigated in greater detail.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=5981&#038;h=4482&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 5981w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=300&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=768&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=767&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1151&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1535&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=400&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=600&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=900&#038;h=674&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=899&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1499&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 5981px) 100vw, 5981px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-y-3 padding-x-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0\"><figcaption class=\"hds-caption maxw-mobile desktop:padding-x-3\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0 color-carbon-30\">\n<div><figcaption>White diamonds show the locations of 20 of the 83 young, low-mass, starburst galaxies found in infrared images of the giant galaxy cluster Abell 2744. Full image and description shown below.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Credits: <\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA\/ESA\/CSA\/Bezanson et al. 2024 and Wold et al. 2025<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Astronomers using data from NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope have identified dozens of small galaxies that played a starring role in a cosmic makeover that transformed the early universe into the one we know today.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen it comes to producing ultraviolet light, these small galaxies punch well above their weight,\u201d said Isak Wold, an assistant research scientist at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catholic.edu\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Catholic University of America<\/a> in Washington and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/goddard\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center<\/a> in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u201cOur analysis of these tiny but mighty galaxies is 10 times more sensitive than previous studies, and shows they existed in sufficient numbers and packed enough ultraviolet power to drive this cosmic renovation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Wold discussed his findings Wednesday at the 246th meeting of the <a href=\"https:\/\/aas.org\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">American Astronomical Society<\/a> in Anchorage, Alaska. The study took advantage of existing imaging collected by Webb\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/webb\/nircam\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NIRCam<\/a> (Near-Infrared Camera) instrument, as well as new observations made with its <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/webb\/nirspec\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NIRSpec<\/a> (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) instrument.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Image A: Webb search finds dozens of tiny, young star-forming galaxies<\/h2>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-Pandora_stamp_60pct-1K.gif?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-Pandora_stamp_60pct-1K.gif?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Animation showing the locations of young, low-mass, starburst galaxies around galaxy cluster Abell 2744.  White and yellow galaxies of various sizes and shapes appear against the blackness of space. Two bright stars in our own galaxy display prominent six-spike diffraction patterns with bluish rays, visible at center left and lower left. Then 20 white diamonds sweep across the image. One diamond enlarges to reveal an image of a young, low-mass, star-forming galaxy. It looks like a green oval against a red and green checked background. The enlarged image then shrinks back, and the diamonds sweep away. The sequence loops.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Symbols mark the locations of young, low-mass galaxies bursting with new stars when the universe was about 800 million years old. Using a filter sensitive to such galaxies, NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope imaged them with the help of a natural gravitational lens created by the massive galaxy cluster Abell 2744. In all, 83 young galaxies were found, but only the 20 shown here (white diamonds) were selected for deeper study. The inset zooms into one of the galaxies.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/svs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/14857\" rel=\"noopener\">Download high-resolution images from NASA\u2019s Scientific Visualization Studio<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/ESA\/CSA\/Bezanson et al. 2024 and Wold et al. 2025<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The tiny galaxies were discovered by Wold and his Goddard colleagues, Sangeeta Malhotra and James Rhoads, by sifting through Webb images captured as part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/jwst-uncover.github.io\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UNCOVER<\/a> (Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization) observing program, led by Rachel Bezanson at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pitt.edu\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">University of Pittsburgh<\/a> in Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n<p>The project mapped a giant galaxy cluster known as Abell 2744, nicknamed Pandora\u2019s cluster, located about 4 billion light-years away in the southern constellation Sculptor. The cluster\u2019s mass forms a <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/universe\/glossary\/a-g\/#hds-sidebar-nav-97\" rel=\"noopener\">gravitational lens<\/a> that magnifies distant sources, adding to Webb\u2019s already considerable reach.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Image B: Galaxy cluster helps reveal young, low-mass galaxies bursting with stars<\/h2>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=5981&#038;h=4482&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"5981\" height=\"4482\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=5981&#038;h=4482&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Composite Webb NIRCam image of galaxy cluster Abell 2744, showing the locations of young starburst galaxies. White and yellow galaxies of various sizes and shapes appear against the blackness of space. Two bright stars in our own galaxy display prominent six-spike diffraction patterns with bluish rays, visible at center left and lower left. Superimposed on the infrared image are 20 white diamonds, each representing a young galaxy investigated in greater detail.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=5981&#038;h=4482&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 5981w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=300&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=768&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=767&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1151&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1535&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=400&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=600&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=900&#038;h=674&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=899&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-All_boxes_Pandora_midband-6K.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1499&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 5981px) 100vw, 5981px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">White diamonds show the locations of 20 of the 83 young, low-mass, starburst galaxies found in infrared images of the giant galaxy cluster Abell 2744. This composite incorporates images taken through three NIRCam filters (F200W as blue, F410M as green, and F444W as red). The F410M filter is highly sensitive to light emitted by doubly ionized oxygen \u2014 oxygen atoms that have been stripped of two electrons \u2014 at a time when reionization was well underway. Emitted as green light, the glow was stretched into the infrared as it traversed the expanding universe over billions of years. The cluster\u2019s mass acts as a natural magnifying glass, allowing astronomers to see these tiny galaxies as they were when the universe was about 800 million years old.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/ESA\/CSA\/Bezanson et al. 2024 and Wold et al. 2025<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>For much of its first billion years, the universe was immersed in a fog of neutral hydrogen gas. Today, this gas is ionized \u2014 stripped of its electrons. Astronomers, who refer to this transformation as reionization, have long wondered which types of objects were most responsible: big galaxies, small galaxies, or supermassive black holes in active galaxies. As one of its main goals, NASA\u2019s Webb was specifically designed to address key questions about this major transition in the history of the universe.<\/p>\n<p>Recent studies have shown that small galaxies undergoing vigorous star formation could have played an outsized role. Such galaxies are rare today, making up only about 1% of those around us. But they were abundant when the universe was about 800 million years old, an epoch astronomers refer to as redshift 7, when reionization was well underway.<\/p>\n<p>The team searched for small galaxies of the right cosmic age that showed signs of extreme star formation, called starbursts, in NIRCam images of the cluster.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLow-mass galaxies gather less neutral hydrogen gas around them, which makes it easier for ionizing ultraviolet light to escape,\u201d Rhoads said. \u201cLikewise, starburst episodes not only produce plentiful ultraviolet light \u2014 they also carve channels into a galaxy\u2019s interstellar matter that helps this light break out.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Image C: A deeper look into small, young, star-forming galaxies during reionization<\/h2>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=1922&#038;h=1080&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1922\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=1922&#038;h=1080&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Close-up of Abell 2744 showing detailed information on three young starburst galaxies. Three columns of images and information appear on a black background. At left is an infrared image showing white and yellow galaxies of various shapes and sizes, with three green diamonds superimposed on it. Light gray shading extends from each diamond to a square image in the center column. The top image is labeled 41038, the middle one is 41028, and at bottom is 41006. Each image shows a green blob on a red and green checked background, while the middle and bottom images include a large white blob as well. Next to each image is textual information. For the top image, it reads \u201cMagnified 13 X, z = 6.8690, Stellar mass 10 million Suns\u201d; for the middle image, \u201cMagnified 11 X, z = 6.8697, Stellar mass 2 million Suns\u201d; for the bottom image, \u201cMagnified 3 X, z= 6.8717, Stellar mass 160 million Suns.\u201d At right is a column of line graphs and colored bars representing a spectrum of each galaxy. The colored bars align with peaks in a squiggly line running horizontally across each graph. There is one blue bar, labelled \u201cHydrogen,\u201d and two green bars, labeled \u201cOxygen,\u201d in each graph. The vertical axis of the graphs reads \u201cBrightness,\u201d while the horizontal axis reads \u201cWavelength (\u00b5m),\u201d with numbers ranging from 3.82 to 3.94.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=1922&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1922w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=1024&#038;h=575&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=1536&#038;h=863&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=600&#038;h=337&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-stamps+spectra_3-2K.png?w=1200&#038;h=674&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1922px) 100vw, 1922px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">At left is an enlarged infrared view of galaxy cluster Abell 2744 with three young, star-forming galaxies highlighted by green diamonds. The center column shows close-ups of each galaxy, along with their designations, the amount of magnification provided by the cluster\u2019s gravitational lens, their redshifts (shown as z \u2014 all correspond to a cosmic age of about 790 million years), and their estimated mass of stars. At right, measurements from NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope\u2019s NIRSpec instrument confirm that the galaxies produce strong emission in the light of doubly ionized oxygen (green bars), indicating vigorous star formation is taking place.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/ESA\/CSA\/Bezanson et al. 2024 and Wold et al. 2025<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The astronomers looked for strong sources of a specific wavelength of light that signifies the presence of high-energy processes: a green line emitted by oxygen atoms that have lost two electrons. Originally emitted as visible light in the early cosmos, the green glow from doubly ionized oxygen was stretched into the infrared as it traversed the expanding universe and eventually reached Webb\u2019s instruments. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This technique revealed 83 small starburst galaxies as they appear when the universe was 800 million years old, or about 6% of its current age of 13.8 billion years. The team selected 20 of these for deeper inspection using NIRSpec.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese galaxies are so small that, to build the equivalent stellar mass of our own Milky Way galaxy, you\u2019d need from 2,000 to 200,000 of them,\u201d Malhotra said. \u201cBut we are able to detect them because of our novel sample selection technique combined with gravitational lensing.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Image D: Tiny but mighty galaxy helped clear cosmic fog<\/h2>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=2292&#038;h=2292&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2292\" height=\"2292\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=2292&#038;h=2292&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Enlarged view of a single young starburst galaxy. A pixelated green oval extending from upper left to lower right sits in the middle of a red and green checked background. A large white blob is visible at center right.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=2292&#038;h=2292&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2292w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=768&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=1536&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=2048&#038;h=2048&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=50&#038;h=50&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=100&#038;h=100&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=200&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=400&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=900&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=1200&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/webb\/science\/2025\/webb-41028-2K.png?w=2000&#038;h=2000&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2292px) 100vw, 2292px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">One of the most interesting galaxies of the study, dubbed 41028 (the green oval at center), has an estimated stellar mass of just 2 million Suns \u2014 comparable to the masses of the largest star clusters in our own Milky Way galaxy.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/ESA\/CSA\/Bezanson et al. 2024 and Wold et al. 2025<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Similar types of galaxies in the present-day universe, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/goddard\/nasas-webb-telescope-reveals-links-between-galaxies-near-and-far\/\" rel=\"noopener\">green peas<\/a>, release about 25% of their ionizing ultraviolet light into surrounding space. If the low-mass starburst galaxies explored by Wold and his team release a similar amount, they can account for all of the ultraviolet light needed to convert the universe\u2019s neutral hydrogen to its ionized form.<\/p>\n<p>The James Webb Space Telescope is the world\u2019s premier space science observatory. Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probing the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency).<\/p>\n<p>To learn more about Webb, visit:<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/webb\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/webb<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>By <\/strong><a href=\"mailto:francis.j.reddy@nasa.gov\"><strong>Francis Reddy<\/strong><\/a><br \/><strong>NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/goddard\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Goddard Space Flight Center<\/a>, Greenbelt, Md.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-downloads\">Downloads<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Click any image above to open a larger version.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/svs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/14857\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download high-resolution images from NASA\u2019s Scientific Visualization Studio<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-media-contacts\">Media Contacts<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Laura\u00a0Betz<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:laura.e.betz@nasa.gov\">laura.e.betz@nasa.gov<\/a><br \/>NASA\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/goddard\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Goddard Space Flight Center<\/a>, Greenbelt, Md.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-related-information\">Related Information<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Article:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/universe\/galaxies\/types\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Types of Galaxies<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Video:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/viewspace.org\/video_library\/videos\/155-322870736?tags=59#step-galaxy-structure-video-segments\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Different types of galaxies<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/webb\/latestnews\/\" rel=\"noopener\">More Webb News<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/webb\/multimedia\/images\/\" rel=\"noopener\">More Webb Images<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/webb\/science-overview\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Webb Science Themes<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/webb\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Webb Mission Page<\/a><\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-related-for-kids\">Related For Kids<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/spaceplace.nasa.gov\/james-webb-space-telescope\/en\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>What is the Webb Telescope?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/spaceplace.nasa.gov\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>SpacePlace for Kids<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-en-espanol\">En Espa\u00f1ol<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ciencia.nasa.gov\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Ciencia de la NASA<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/es\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>NASA en espa\u00f1ol\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/spaceplace.nasa.gov\/sp\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Space Place\u00a0para ni\u00f1os<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Related Topics<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/james-webb-space-telescope\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>James Webb Space Telescope<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">Webb is the premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. It studies every phase in the\u2026<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"890\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp 3600w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=300,174 300w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=768,445 768w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=1024,593 1024w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=1536,890 1536w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=2048,1186 2048w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=400,232 400w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=600,348 600w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=900,521 900w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=1200,695 1200w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=2000,1158 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/universe\/galaxies\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Galaxies<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"938\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?w=1200\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp 1200w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=300,235 300w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=768,600 768w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=1024,800 1024w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=400,313 400w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=600,469 600w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=900,704 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/astrophysics\/focus-areas\/what-are-galaxies\/stories\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Galaxies Stories<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1423\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble-abells0740-opo0708a-jpg.webp?w=1280\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble-abells0740-opo0708a-jpg.webp 1280w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble-abells0740-opo0708a-jpg.webp?resize=270,300 270w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble-abells0740-opo0708a-jpg.webp?resize=768,854 768w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble-abells0740-opo0708a-jpg.webp?resize=921,1024 921w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble-abells0740-opo0708a-jpg.webp?resize=360,400 360w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble-abells0740-opo0708a-jpg.webp?resize=540,600 540w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble-abells0740-opo0708a-jpg.webp?resize=810,900 810w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/hubble-abells0740-opo0708a-jpg.webp?resize=1079,1200 1079w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/universe\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Universe<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1514\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg 3941w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=300,296 300w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=768,757 768w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=1024,1009 1024w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=1536,1514 1536w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=2048,2019 2048w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=400,394 400w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=600,591 600w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=900,887 900w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=1200,1183 1200w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=2000,1972 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n<li class=\"social-icon 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class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Jun 11, 2025<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Editor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Marty McCoy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Contact<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-3\">\n<div>Laura Betz<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"mailto:laura.e.betz@nasa.gov\">laura.e.betz@nasa.gov<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"article-tags\">\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/webb\" rel=\"noopener\">James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/astrophysics\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Astrophysics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/universe\/galaxies\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Galaxies<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/goddard\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Goddard Space Flight Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Science &#038; Research<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/universe\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Universe<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astronomers using data from NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope have identified dozens of small galaxies that played a starring role in a cosmic makeover that transformed the early universe into the one we know today. \u201cWhen it comes to producing ultraviolet light, these small galaxies punch well above their weight,\u201d said Isak Wold, an assistant [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15612,15757,15614,15637,15597,15638],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-233928","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astrophysics","category-galaxies","category-goddard-space-flight-center","category-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst","category-science-research","category-the-universe"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233928","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=233928"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233928\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":233929,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233928\/revisions\/233929"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=233928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=233928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=233928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}