{"id":230956,"date":"2025-06-07T03:07:52","date_gmt":"2025-06-06T17:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?p=874495"},"modified":"2025-06-07T03:07:52","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T17:07:52","slug":"nasas-ready-to-use-dataset-details-land-motion-across-north-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/?p=230956","title":{"rendered":"NASA\u2019s Ready-to-Use Dataset Details Land Motion Across North America"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"816\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A triptych of geological hazards: The left panel shows a road severely cracked by an earthquake. The center shows an aerial view of a massive landslide into the ocean. The right shows a lava lake inside a volcanic crater.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg 3199w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?resize=300,120 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?resize=768,306 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?resize=1024,408 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?resize=1536,612 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?resize=2048,816 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?resize=400,159 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?resize=600,239 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?resize=900,359 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?resize=1200,478 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-usgs-triptych.jpg?resize=2000,797 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A new online portal by NASA and the Alaska Satellite Facility maps satellite radar meas-urements across North America, enabling users to track land movement since 2016 caused by earthquakes, landslides, volcanoes, and other phenomena.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">USGS<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>An online tool maps measurements and enables non-experts to understand earthquakes, subsidence, landslides, and other types of land motion.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>NASA is collaborating with the Alaska Satellite Facility in Fairbanks to create a powerful web-based tool that will show the movement of land across North America down to less than an inch. The online portal and its underlying dataset unlock a trove of satellite radar measurements that can help anyone identify where and by how much the land beneath their feet may be moving \u2014 whether from earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, or the extraction of underground natural resources such as groundwater.<\/p>\n<p>Spearheaded by NASA\u2019s Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/go\/opera\" rel=\"noopener\">OPERA<\/a>) project at the agency\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, the effort equips users with information that would otherwise take years of training to produce. The project builds on measurements from spaceborne synthetic aperture radars, or SARs, to generate high-resolution data on how Earth\u2019s surface is moving.<\/p>\n<p>Formally called the North America Surface Displacement Product Suite, the new dataset comes ready to use with measurements dating to 2016, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/displacement.asf.alaska.edu\/#\/?dispOverview=VEL\" rel=\"noopener\">portal<\/a> allows users to view those measurements at a local, state, and regional scales in a few seconds. For someone not using the dataset or website, it could take days or longer to do a similar analysis.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou can zoom in to your country, your state, your city block, and look at how the land there is moving over time,\u201d said David Bekaert, the OPERA project manager and a JPL radar scientist. \u201cYou can see that by a simple mouse click.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The portal currently includes measurements for millions of pixels across the U.S. Southwest, northern Mexico, and the New York metropolitan region, each representing a 200-foot-by-200-foot (60-meter-by-60-meter) area on the ground. By the end of 2025, OPERA will add data to cover the rest of the United States, Central America, and Canada within 120 miles (200 kilometers) of the U.S. border. When a user clicks on a pixel, the system pulls measurements from hundreds of files to create a graph visualizing the land surface\u2019s cumulative movement over time.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-8 padding-bottom-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel\">\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"image-carousel-slider margin-0\" id=\"image-carousel-slider\">\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e1-pia26494-opera-map-new-york.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e1-pia26494-opera-map-new-york.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e1-pia26494-opera-map-new-york.jpg?resize=300,154 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e1-pia26494-opera-map-new-york.jpg?resize=768,394 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e1-pia26494-opera-map-new-york.jpg?resize=1024,525 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e1-pia26494-opera-map-new-york.jpg?resize=1536,788 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e1-pia26494-opera-map-new-york.jpg?resize=400,205 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e1-pia26494-opera-map-new-york.jpg?resize=600,308 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e1-pia26494-opera-map-new-york.jpg?resize=900,462 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e1-pia26494-opera-map-new-york.jpg?resize=1200,616 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The OPERA portal shows how land is sinking in Freshkills Park, which is being built on the site of a former landfill on Staten Island, New York. Landfills tend to sink over time as waste decomposes and settles. The blue dot marks the spot where the portal is showing movement in the graph.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">Alaska Satellite Facility<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e2-pia26494-opera-map-fig-a-colorado.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.02); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e2-pia26494-opera-map-fig-a-colorado.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e2-pia26494-opera-map-fig-a-colorado.jpg?resize=300,154 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e2-pia26494-opera-map-fig-a-colorado.jpg?resize=768,394 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e2-pia26494-opera-map-fig-a-colorado.jpg?resize=1024,525 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e2-pia26494-opera-map-fig-a-colorado.jpg?resize=1536,788 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e2-pia26494-opera-map-fig-a-colorado.jpg?resize=400,205 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e2-pia26494-opera-map-fig-a-colorado.jpg?resize=600,308 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e2-pia26494-opera-map-fig-a-colorado.jpg?resize=900,462 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e2-pia26494-opera-map-fig-a-colorado.jpg?resize=1200,616 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Land is rising at the Colorado River\u2019s outlet to the Gulf of California, as indicated in this screenshot from the OPERA portal. The uplift is due to the sediment from the river building up over time. The graph shows that the land at the blue dot has risen about 8 inches (20 centimeters) since 2016.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">Alaska Satellite Facility<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e3-pia26494-opera-map-fig-b-arizona.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e3-pia26494-opera-map-fig-b-arizona.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e3-pia26494-opera-map-fig-b-arizona.jpg?resize=300,154 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e3-pia26494-opera-map-fig-b-arizona.jpg?resize=768,394 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e3-pia26494-opera-map-fig-b-arizona.jpg?resize=1024,525 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e3-pia26494-opera-map-fig-b-arizona.jpg?resize=1536,788 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e3-pia26494-opera-map-fig-b-arizona.jpg?resize=400,205 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e3-pia26494-opera-map-fig-b-arizona.jpg?resize=600,308 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e3-pia26494-opera-map-fig-b-arizona.jpg?resize=900,462 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/e3-pia26494-opera-map-fig-b-arizona.jpg?resize=1200,616 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The OPERA portal shows that land near Willcox, Arizona, subsided about 8 inches (20 centimeters) since between 2016 and 2021, in large part due to groundwater pumping. The region is part of an area being managed by state water officials.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">Alaska Satellite Facility<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u201cThe OPERA project automated the end-to-end SAR data processing system such that users and decision-makers can focus on discovering where the land surface may be moving in their areas of interest,\u201d said Gerald Bawden, program scientist responsible for OPERA at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \u201cThis will provide a significant advancement in identifying and understanding potential threats to the end users, while providing cost and time savings for agencies.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For example, water-management bureaus and state geological surveys will be able to directly use the OPERA products without needing to make big investments in data storage, software engineering expertise, and computing muscle.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How It Works<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>To create the displacement product, the OPERA team continuously draws data from the ESA (European Space Agency) Sentinel-1 radar satellites, the first of which launched in 2014. Data from <a href=\"https:\/\/nisar.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NISAR<\/a>, the NASA-ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) Synthetic Aperture Radar mission, will be added to the mix after that spacecraft launches later this year.<\/p>\n<p>Satellite-borne radars work by emitting microwave pulses at Earth\u2019s surface. The signals scatter when they hit land and water surfaces, buildings, and other objects. Raw data consists of the strength and time delay of the signals that echo back to the sensor.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To understand how land in a given area is moving, OPERA algorithms automate steps in an otherwise painstaking process. Without OPERA, a researcher would first download hundreds or thousands of data files, each representing a pass of the radar over the point of interest, then make sure the data aligned geographically over time and had precise coordinates.<\/p>\n<p>Then they would use a computationally intensive technique called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/nisar\/how-new-nasa-india-earth-satellite-nisar-will-see-earth\/#:~:text=One%20type%20of,deformation%20from%20earthquakes.\">radar interferometry<\/a> to gauge how much the land moved, if at all, and in which direction \u2014 towards the satellite, which would indicate the land rose, or away from the satellite, which would mean it sank.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe OPERA project has helped bring that capability to the masses, making it more accessible to state and federal agencies, and also users wondering, \u2018What\u2019s going on around my house?\u2019\u201d said Franz Meyer, chief scientist of the Alaska Satellite Facility, a part of the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Monitoring Groundwater<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Sinking land is a top priority to the Arizona Department of Water Resources. From the 1950s through the 1980s, it was the main form of ground movement officials saw, as groundwater pumping increased alongside growth in the state\u2019s population and agricultural industry. In 1980, the state enacted the Groundwater Management Act, which reduced its reliance on groundwater in highly populated areas and included requirements to monitor its use.<\/p>\n<p>The department began to measure this sinking, called subsidence, with radar data from various satellites in the early 2000s, using a combination of SAR, GPS-based monitoring, and traditional surveying to inform groundwater-management decisions.<\/p>\n<p>Now, the OPERA dataset and portal will help the agency share subsidence information with officials and community members, said Brian Conway, the department\u2019s principal hydrogeologist and supervisor of its geophysics unit. They won\u2019t replace the SAR analysis he performs, but they will offer points of comparison for his calculations. Because the dataset and portal will cover the entire state, they also could identify areas not yet known to be subsiding.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt&#8217;s a great tool to say, \u2018Let\u2019s look at those areas more intensely with our own SAR processing,\u2019\u201d Conway said.<\/p>\n<p>The displacement product is part of a series of data products <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/news\/nasa-led-project-tracking-changes-to-water-ecosystems-land-surface\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OPERA has released since 2023<\/a>. The project began in 2020 with a multidisciplinary team of scientists at JPL working to address satellite data needs across different federal agencies. Through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/about\/nasa-support-snwg\/management-office\" rel=\"noopener\">Satellite Needs Working Group<\/a>, those agencies submitted their requests, and the OPERA team worked to improve access to information to aid a range of efforts such as disaster response, deforestation tracking, and wildfire monitoring.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/news\/nasa-led-project-tracking-changes-to-water-ecosystems-land-surface\/\"  class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"NASA-Led Project Tracking Changes to Water, Ecosystems, Land Surface\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">NASA-Led Project Tracking Changes to Water, Ecosystems, Land Surface<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>News Media Contacts<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Andrew Wang \/ Jane J. Lee<br \/>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.<br \/>626-379-6874 \/ 818-354-0307<br \/><a href=\"mailto:andrew.wang@jpl.nasa.gov\">andrew.wang@jpl.nasa.gov<\/a> \/ <a href=\"mailto:jane.j.lee@jpl.nasa.gov\">jane.j.lee@jpl.nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n<p>2025-076<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n<li class=\"social-icon 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2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\"\/><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-rss\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feed\/\" aria-label=\"Subscribe to RSS feed.\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 800\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Jun 06, 2025<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"article-tags\">\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth-science\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth-science\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Science Division<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth\/natural-disasters\/earthquakes\/\">Earthquakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/jpl\/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth\/natural-disasters\/\">Natural Disasters<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth\/natural-disasters\/volcanoes\/\">Volcanoes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\n<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/odyssey\/nasa-mars-orbiter-captures-volcano-peeking-above-morning-cloud-tops\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"78\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg 4899w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?resize=300,78 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?resize=768,201 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?resize=1024,268 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?resize=1536,401 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?resize=2048,535 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?resize=400,105 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?resize=600,157 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?resize=900,235 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?resize=1200,314 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1-themis-views-mars-arsia-mons-volcano-crop1.jpg?resize=2000,523 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Mars Orbiter Captures Volcano Peeking Above Morning Cloud Tops<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25 mins ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/earth-science\/icesat-2-applications-team-hosts-satellite-bathymetry-workshop\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/default-thumbnail.jpg\" ><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">8 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">ICESat-2 Applications Team Hosts Satellite Bathymetry Workshop<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">Introduction On September 15, 2018, the NASA Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission&hellip;<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 day ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/earth-science\/jack-kaye-retires-after-a-storied-career-at-nasa\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/esd\/earth-observer\/2025\/2025-winter\/2025-editors-corner\/Pecora.jpg\" ><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">5 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Jack Kaye Retires After a Storied Career at NASA<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">Jack Kaye [NASA HQ\u2014Associate Director for Research, Earth Science Division (ESD)] has decided to retire&hellip;<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 day ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/science-research\/earth-science\/nasas-ready-to-use-dataset-details-land-motion-across-north-america\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Missions<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-1.jpg\" ><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/science-research\/earth-science\/nasas-ready-to-use-dataset-details-land-motion-across-north-america\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans in Space<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-2.jpg\" ><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/science-research\/earth-science\/nasas-ready-to-use-dataset-details-land-motion-across-north-america\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Climate Change<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-3.jpg\" ><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/science-research\/earth-science\/nasas-ready-to-use-dataset-details-land-motion-across-north-america\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Solar System<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-4.jpg\" ><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An online tool maps measurements and enables non-experts to understand earthquakes, subsidence, landslides, and other types of land motion. NASA is collaborating with the Alaska Satellite Facility in Fairbanks to create a powerful web-based tool that will show the movement of land across North America down to less than an inch. The online portal and [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15600,15690,16977,15607,16037,16750],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-230956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-science","category-earth-science-division","category-earthquakes","category-jet-propulsion-laboratory","category-natural-disasters","category-volcanoes"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=230956"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":232625,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230956\/revisions\/232625"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=230956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=230956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=230956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}