{"id":214228,"date":"2025-05-10T05:09:44","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T19:09:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/heliophysics\/what-nasa-is-learning-from-the-biggest-geomagnetic-storm-in-20-years\/"},"modified":"2025-05-10T05:09:44","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T19:09:44","slug":"what-nasa-is-learning-from-the-biggest-geomagnetic-storm-in-20-years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/?p=214228","title":{"rendered":"What NASA Is Learning from the Biggest Geomagnetic Storm in 20 Years"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro\">\n<div class=\"width-full maxw-full article-header\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full\">\n<p class=\"label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0\">6 min read<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"display-48 margin-bottom-2\">What NASA Is Learning from the Biggest Geomagnetic Storm in 20 Years<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>One year on, NASA scientists are still making huge discoveries about the largest geomagnetic storm to hit Earth in two decades, the Gannon storm. The findings are helping us better understand and prepare for the ways in which the Sun\u2019s activity can affect us.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Happened During the Biggest Geomagnetic Storm in 20 Years\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9i47b__igEw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">On May 10, 2024, the first G5 or \u201csevere\u201d geomagnetic storm in over two decades hit Earth. The event did not cause any catastrophic damages, but it did produce surprising effects on Earth. The storm, which has been called the best-documented geomagnetic storm in history, spread auroras to unusually low latitudes and produced effects spanning from the ground to near-Earth space. Data captured during this historic event will be analyzed for years to come, revealing new lessons about the nature of geomagnetic storms and how best to weather them. Credit: NASA\/Joy Ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>One year ago today, representatives from NASA and about 30 other U.S. government agencies gathered for a special meeting to simulate and address a threat looming in space. The threat was not an asteroid or aliens, but our very own life-giving Sun.<\/p>\n<p>The inaugural <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jhuapl.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-04\/Space-Weather-TTX-Report-Summary-v3-FINAL.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Space Weather Tabletop Exercise<\/a> was supposed to be a training event, where experts could work through the real-time ramifications of a geomagnetic storm, a global disruption to Earth\u2019s magnetic field. Driven by solar eruptions, geomagnetic storms can decimate satellites, overload electrical grids, and expose astronauts to dangerous radiation. Minimizing the impacts of such storms requires close coordination, and this meeting was their chance to practice.<\/p>\n<p>Then, their simulation turned into reality.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe plan was to run through a hypothetical scenario, finding where our existing processes worked and where they needed improvement,\u201d said Jamie Favors, director of NASA\u2019s Space Weather Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \u201cBut then our hypothetical scenario was interrupted by a very real one.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>On May 10, 2024, the first G5 or \u201csevere\u201d geomagnetic storm in over two decades hit Earth. The event, named the Gannon storm in memory of leading space weather physicist Jennifer Gannon, did not cause any catastrophic damages. But a year on, key insights from the Gannon storm are helping us understand and prepare for future geomagnetic storms.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/Gannon%20Storm%20active%20region%20May%207%202024.png?w=686&#038;h=565&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"686\" height=\"565\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/Gannon%20Storm%20active%20region%20May%207%202024.png?w=686&#038;h=565&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A detailed, fiery image of the Sun showing bright solar flares and textured surface, with a small inset at the bottom right comparing the tiny size of Earth to the massive scale of the Sun.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA\u2019s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured this image of the Sun on May 7, 2024, in extreme ultraviolet light (at a wavelength of 304 \u00c5ngstroms). At center, the active region that instigated the Gannon storm stretches approximately 17 times the size of Earth. (A scaled image of Earth is inset for size reference.) In early May 2024, the active region released <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xfpOh7OdzyE&#038;ab_channel=NASAGoddard\" rel=\"noopener\">a chain of powerful solar eruptions<\/a>, including several coronal mass ejections, or CMEs \u2014 giant clouds of solar particles \u2014 that merged to form a superstorm that reached Earth on May 10. Ahead of the storm, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, issued its first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swpc.noaa.gov\/news\/swpc-issues-its-first-g4-watch-2005\" rel=\"noopener\">severe geomagnetic storm watch<\/a> in almost two decades.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Helioviewer<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Storm Consequences<\/h2>\n<p>The Gannon storm had effects on and off our planet.<\/p>\n<p>On the ground, some high-voltage lines tripped, transformers overheated, and GPS-guided tractors veered off-course in the Midwestern U.S., further disrupting planting that had already been delayed by heavy rains that spring.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=3840&#038;h=2160&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"3840\" height=\"2160\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=3840&#038;h=2160&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A green tractor with yellow wheels pulls a red trailer across a flat, dirt-covered field with some trees, a field of green plants, and a partly cloudy sky in the background.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=3840&#038;h=2160&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3840w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1152&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/GNSSTractor.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1125&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3840px) 100vw, 3840px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Some modern tractors use GPS to help farmers plant efficiently and maximize crop yields. During the Gannon storm in May 2024, however, certain GPS-guided tractor models veered off course or stopped working, disrupting or delaying planting for many U.S. farmers.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">Storyblocks<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cNot all farms were affected, but those that were lost on average about $17,000 per farm,\u201d said Terry Griffin, a professor of Agricultural Economics at Kansas State University. \u201cIt\u2019s not catastrophic, but they\u2019ll miss it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In the air, the threat of higher radiation exposure, as well as communication and navigation losses, forced trans-Atlantic flights to change course.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-before-after\">\n<div class=\"NasaBlocksImageBeforeAfterBlock grid-container grid-row grid-container-block bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-0 padding-y-6 margin-x-auto nasa-block-align-wide\">\n<div class=\"padding-x-0 grid-col-12\">\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- curtain view --><\/p>\n<div class=\"img-comparison-slider-parent comparison-view-active\">\n\t\t\t\t<img-comparison-slider><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" slot=\"first\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/May%2011%202024%20flight%20patterns.png\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" slot=\"second\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/May%2018%202024%20flight%20patterns.png\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/img-comparison-slider><\/p>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\">May 11, 2024<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-after\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\">May 18, 2024<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- toggle view --><\/p>\n<div class=\"toggle-comparison-parent\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- if image_1 is active the show image_1 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover toggle-view-image toggle-view-before-image toggle-view-active\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1984\" height=\"1322\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/May%2011%202024%20flight%20patterns.png?w=1984&#038;h=1322&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- if image_2 is active the show image_2 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover toggle-view-image toggle-view-after-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1984\" height=\"1322\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/May%2018%202024%20flight%20patterns.png?w=1984&#038;h=1322&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"toggle-button-container padding-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle-view-before-button toggle-comparison-view-active margin-right-1px\"><span class=\"toggle-view-before-label\">May 11, 2024<\/span><\/button><button class=\"toggle-view-after-button margin-left-1px\"><span class=\"toggle-view-after-label\">May 18, 2024<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- 2-up view --><\/p>\n<div class=\"two-up-view position-relative bg-carbon-10\">\n<div class=\"grid-row\">\n<div class=\"grid-col flex-3 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1984\" height=\"1322\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/May%2011%202024%20flight%20patterns.png?w=1984&#038;h=1322&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bg-spacesuit-white width-2px\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col flex-3 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1984\" height=\"1322\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/May%2018%202024%20flight%20patterns.png?w=1984&#038;h=1322&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMay 11, 2024\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-after\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"curtain-view-label\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMay 18, 2024\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- Under image content --><\/p>\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-row title-row padding-x-2 desktop:padding-x-0 padding-top-2\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6\">\n<p class=\"before-after-heading margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBefore and After\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"before-after-title margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTrans-Atlantic Flights Rerouted during Gannon Storm\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n<p class=\"before-after-subheading margin-top-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMay 11, 2024 \u2013 May 18, 2024\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 button-row margin-bottom-3 tablet:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Update onClick handlers --><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Curtain view\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"comparison-view curtain-view-button comparison-view-active padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>Curtain<\/button><button\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Toggle view\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"comparison-view toggle-view-button padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>Toggle<\/button><button\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Two-Up view\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"comparison-view two-up-view-button padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>2-Up<\/button>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t<!-- Image detail area --><\/p>\n<div class=\"image-details-panel padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"before-after-details-divider padding-y-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- OnClick handleImageDetailsClick --><button class=\"image-details-toggle-button\"><span>Image Details<\/span><!-- style - if showImageDetails, then transform rotate(180deg), else none --><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" width=\"14\" height=\"15\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 15\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"7\" cy=\"7.5\" r=\"6.5\" stroke=\"#58585B\" \/><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M7.0002 8.23854L9.26318 5.95996L9.80019 6.50067L7.0002 9.31996L4.2002 6.50067L4.73721 5.95996L7.0002 8.23854Z\" fill=\"#58585B\" \/><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!-- if showImageDetails, then display --><\/p>\n<div id=\"image-details\" class=\" padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row\">\n<div class=\"grid-col flex-2\">\n<div class=\"image-details-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDuring the Gannon storm on May 10 and 11, 2024, many trans-Atlantic flights took more southerly routes across the ocean to avoid the risk of higher radiation for passengers and crew, as well as to avoid potential communication and navigation losses closer to the North Pole. The first image shows a snapshot of flight patterns on May 11, 2024, at 3:30 UTC (11:30 p.m. EDT on May 10) during the Gannon storm, when flights were redirected to more southern routes. The second image shows the flight patterns one week later, on May 18, 2024, at 3:30 UTC as flights followed their typical route. Credit: Flightradar24\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- File List --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>During the storm, Earth\u2019s upper atmospheric layer called the thermosphere heated to unusually high temperatures. At 100 miles altitude, the temperature typically peaks at 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit, but during the storm it surpassed <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2024GL110506\" rel=\"noopener\">2,100 degrees Fahrenheit<\/a>. NASA\u2019s GOLD (<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/gold\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk<\/a>) mission <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2024GL110506\" rel=\"noopener\">observed<\/a> the atmosphere expanding from the heat to create a strong wind that lofted heavy nitrogen particles higher.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A circular heatmap shows a swirling pattern of colors, with red and yellow regions indicating higher values, and blue and green areas showing lower values. The overlay covers the Atlantic Ocean and parts of surrounding continents.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/storm_on2_no-cb.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The unique swirls in this image of GOLD data, show the ratio of lighter oxygen to nitrogen \u2014 a key atmospheric indicator \u2014 that exhibited a previously unseen structure in Earth\u2019s thermosphere.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">Evans et al. 2024<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In orbit, the expanded atmosphere increased drag on thousands of satellites. NASA\u2019s<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/blogs\/icesat-2\/2024\/07\/02\/nasas-icesat-2-resumes-data-collection-after-solar-storms\/\" rel=\"noopener\"> ICESat-2<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.nasa.gov\/icesat2\/2024\/07\/02\/nasas-icesat-2-resumes-data-collection-after-solar-storms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">lost altitude and entered safe mode<\/a> while NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/lasp.colorado.edu\/missions\/cirbe\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado Inner Radiation Belt Experiment<\/a> (CIRBE) CubeSat deorbited prematurely five months after the storm. Others, such as the European Space Agency\u2019s<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Copernicus\/The_Sentinel_missions\" rel=\"noopener\"> Sentinel<\/a> mission, required more power to maintain their orbits and perform maneuvers to avoid collisions with space debris.<\/p>\n<p>The storm also dramatically changed the structure of an atmospheric layer called the ionosphere. A dense zone of the ionosphere that normally covers the equator at night dipped toward the South Pole in a <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1029\/2024GL110632\" rel=\"noopener\">check mark shape<\/a>, causing a temporary gap near the equator.<\/p>\n<p>The Gannon storm also rocked Earth\u2019s magnetosphere, the magnetic bubble surrounding the planet. Data from NASA missions <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/mms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">MMS<\/a> (Magnetospheric Multiscale) and <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/themis-artemis\/\" rel=\"noopener\">THEMIS-ARTEMIS<\/a> \u2014 short for Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions-Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon\u2019s Interaction with the Sun \u2014 saw giant, curling waves of particles and rolled-up magnetic fields along the edge of the CMEs. These waves were perfectly sized to periodically dump extra magnetic energy and mass into the magnetosphere upon impact, creating the <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2024GL110477\" rel=\"noopener\">largest electrical current<\/a> seen in the magnetosphere in 20 years.<\/p>\n<p>Incoming energy and particles from the Sun also created <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/heliophysics\/nasa-cubesat-finds-new-radiation-belts-after-may-2024-solar-storm\/\" rel=\"noopener\">two new temporary belts<\/a> of energetic particles within the magnetosphere. Discovered by CIRBE, these belts formed between the Van Allen radiation belts that permanently surround Earth. The belt\u2019s discovery is important to spacecraft and astronauts that can be imperiled by high-energy electrons and protons in the belts.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/van_allen_probes_discov_new_rad_belt_cal.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=1006&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1006\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/van_allen_probes_discov_new_rad_belt_cal.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=1006&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Illustration of Earth surrounded by colorful, concentric rings representing the Van Allen radiation belts, with white magnetic field lines arching around the planet against a black space background.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/van_allen_probes_discov_new_rad_belt_cal.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=1006&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1280w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/van_allen_probes_discov_new_rad_belt_cal.jpg?w=300&#038;h=236&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/van_allen_probes_discov_new_rad_belt_cal.jpg?w=768&#038;h=604&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/van_allen_probes_discov_new_rad_belt_cal.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=805&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/van_allen_probes_discov_new_rad_belt_cal.jpg?w=400&#038;h=314&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/van_allen_probes_discov_new_rad_belt_cal.jpg?w=600&#038;h=472&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/van_allen_probes_discov_new_rad_belt_cal.jpg?w=900&#038;h=707&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/van_allen_probes_discov_new_rad_belt_cal.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=943&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The Gannon storm created two extra radiation belts, sandwiched between the two permanent Van Allen Belts. One of the new belts, shown in purple, included a population of protons, giving it a unique composition that hadn\u2019t been seen before. The discovery of the new belts is particularly important for protecting spacecraft launching into geostationary orbits, since they travel through the Van Allen Belts several times before reaching their final orbit.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Goddard Space Flight Center\/Kristen Perrin<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Unusual Auroras<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The storm also ignited <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/sun\/auroras\/\" rel=\"noopener\">auroras<\/a> around the globe, including places where these celestial light shows are rare. NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/citizen-science\/aurorasaurus\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Aurorasaurus<\/a> project was flooded with more than 6,000 observer reports from over 55 countries and all seven continents.<\/p>\n<p>Photographers helped scientists understand why auroras observed throughout Japan were magenta rather than the typical red. Researchers studied hundreds of photos and found the auroras were surprisingly high \u2014 around 600 miles above the ground (200 miles higher than red auroras typically appear).<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85%E3%81%A8%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1365&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85%E3%81%A8%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1365&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A torii gate stands by the shore with a small hill in the background, under a night sky filled with stars, a bright moon, and vivid purple and pink auroras.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1365&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=300&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=768&#038;h=512&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=683&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=400&#038;h=267&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=600&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=900&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=800&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/240511_\u9752\u68ee\u9ce5\u5c45\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30ed\u30e9_14mm_R5B01760.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1333&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">In Japan, where it\u2019s typical to see red auroras, numerous skywatchers captured photos of unusual magenta auroras instead. With the help of hundreds of photos like this one shared via social media, researchers found the magenta auroras were exceptionally high \u2014 around 600 miles above the ground (compared to a typical maximum height of 400 miles for red auroras, which are usually the highest).<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">KAGAYA<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-75184-9\" rel=\"noopener\">paper<\/a> published in the journal Scientific Reports, the research team says the peculiar color likely resulted from a mix of red and blue auroras, produced by oxygen and nitrogen molecules lofted higher than usual as the Gannon storm heated and expanded the upper atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt typically needs some special circumstances, like we saw last May,\u201d co-author Josh Pettit of NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center said of Japan\u2019s magenta auroras. \u201cA very unique event indeed.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align- nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module align wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/sun\/auroras\/\"  class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false\" aria-label=\"Learn how auroras form and why they have different colors\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Learn how auroras form and why they have different colors<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Otherworldly Effects<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Impacts of the Sun\u2019s amped-up solar activity didn\u2019t end at Earth. The solar active region that sparked the Gannon storm eventually rotated away from our planet and redirected its outbursts toward Mars.<\/p>\n<p>As energetic particles from the Sun struck the Martian atmosphere, NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/maven\/\" rel=\"noopener\">MAVEN<\/a> (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) orbiter watched auroras engulf the Red Planet from May 14 to 20.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/PIA26304-ezgif.com-optimize.gif?w=800&#038;h=800&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/PIA26304-ezgif.com-optimize.gif?w=800&#038;h=800&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"An animated gif of Mars, appearing in grayscale, with a pixellated pattern of purple and white lights shimmering on the left half of the planet, indicating auroras detected by NASA's MAVEN spacecraft.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The purple color in this animated GIF shows auroras across Mars\u2019 nightside as detected by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument aboard NASA\u2019s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) orbiter. The brighter the purple, the more auroras were present. MAVEN took these images between May 14 and 20, 2024, as energetic particles from a solar storm were arriving at Mars. The sequence pauses at the end, when the most energetic particles arrived and overwhelmed the instrument with noise. MAVEN made the observations as it orbited below Mars, looking up at the nightside of the planet. (Mars\u2019 south pole can be seen on the right, in full sunlight.)<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/University of Colorado\/LASP<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Solar particles overwhelmed the star camera on NASA\u2019s 2001 <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/odyssey\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars Odyssey<\/a> orbiter (which uses stars to orient the spacecraft), causing the camera to cut out for almost an hour.<\/p>\n<p>On the Martian surface, images from the navigation cameras on NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/msl-curiosity\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Curiosity<\/a> rover were freckled with \u201csnow\u201d \u2014 streaks and specks caused by charged particles. Meanwhile, Curiosity\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/msl-curiosity\/science-instruments\/#h-radiation-assessment-detector-rad\" rel=\"noopener\">Radiation Assessment Detector<\/a> recorded the biggest surge of radiation since the rover landed in 2012. If astronauts had been there, they would have received a radiation dose of 8,100 micrograys \u2014 equivalent to 30 chest X-rays.<\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align- nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module align wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/planets\/mars\/nasa-watches-mars-light-up-during-epic-solar-storm\"  class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Read more about the effects on Mars\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Read more about the effects on Mars<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\">\n<div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\">\n<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/Mars%20Gannon%20Storm%20SEPs.gif?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/content\/dam\/science\/hpd\/space-weather\/Mars%20Gannon%20Storm%20SEPs.gif?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A black-and-white photo of a rocky Martian landscape, featuring a large sloped hill with visible layers on the right and a smaller peak in the distance under a hazy sky. Specks of white appear to dot the image from time to time, a response to solar energetic particles from the Sun hitting the camera.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The specks in this image sequence were caused by charged particles from the Sun hitting one of the navigation cameras aboard NASA\u2019s Curiosity Mars rover on May 20, 2024. The sequence also shows the effects of a wind gust that happened to occur at the same time on the Martian surface.<\/div>\n<div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Still More to Come<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The Gannon storm spread auroras to unusually low latitudes and has been called the best-documented geomagnetic storm in history. A year on, we have just begun unraveling its story. Data captured during this historic event will be analyzed for years to come, revealing new lessons about the nature of geomagnetic storms and how best to weather them.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>By <a href=\"mailto:mjohnson-groh@rothe.com\" data-type=\"mailto\" data-id=\"mailto:mjohnson-groh@rothe.com\">Mara Johnson-Groh<\/a>, <a href=\"mailto:miles.s.hatfield@nasa.gov\">Miles Hatfield<\/a>, and <a href=\"mailto:vanessa.j.thomas@nasa.gov\">Vanessa Thomas<\/a><\/strong><br \/><strong>NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_b hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?via=NASA&#038;text=What%20NASA%20Is%20Learning%20from%20the%20Biggest%20Geomagnetic%20Storm%20in%2020%20Years&#038;%23038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fscience-research%2Fheliophysics%2Fwhat-nasa-is-learning-from-the-biggest-geomagnetic-storm-in-20-years%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on X.\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fscience-research%2Fheliophysics%2Fwhat-nasa-is-learning-from-the-biggest-geomagnetic-storm-in-20-years%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook.\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z\"\/><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a 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class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/heliophysics\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Heliophysics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/category\/science-research\/heliophysics\/auroras\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Auroras<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/msl-curiosity\" rel=\"noopener\">Curiosity (Rover)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/category\/earth\/earth-magnetic-field\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth&#8217;s Magnetic Field<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/goddard\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Goddard Space Flight Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/gold\" rel=\"noopener\">GOLD (Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/heliophysics\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Heliophysics Division<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/heliophysics\/focus-areas\/magnetosphere-ionosphere\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Magnetosphere<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/mms\" rel=\"noopener\">Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/odyssey\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars Odyssey<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/maven\" rel=\"noopener\">MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-centers-and-facilities\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Centers &#038; Facilities<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-directorates\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Directorates<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Science &#038; Research<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/about-us\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Mission Directorate<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/sdo\" rel=\"noopener\">Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Solar System<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/sun\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Sun<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/themis-artemis\" rel=\"noopener\">THEMIS-ARTEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms \u2013 Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon&#8217;s Interaction with the Sun)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\n<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n<h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/astromaterials\/nasa-study-reveals-venus-crust-surprise\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg 4096w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pia00104-venus-computer-simulated-global-view.jpg?resize=2000,2000 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">3 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Study Reveals Venus Crust Surprise<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">New details about the crust on Venus include some surprises about the geology of Earth\u2019s\u2026<\/p>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span 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1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/spiral\/Hubble_NGC3596_potw2518a.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1981&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/spiral\/Hubble_NGC3596_potw2518a.jpg?w=400&#038;h=387&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/spiral\/Hubble_NGC3596_potw2518a.jpg?w=600&#038;h=580&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/spiral\/Hubble_NGC3596_potw2518a.jpg?w=900&#038;h=870&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/spiral\/Hubble_NGC3596_potw2518a.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=1161&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/galaxies\/spiral\/Hubble_NGC3596_potw2518a.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1934&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3903px) 100vw, 3903px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">2 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Hubble Comes Face-to-Face with Spiral\u2019s Arms<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9 hours ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/missions\/hubble\/nasas-hubble-pinpoints-roaming-massive-black-hole\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"3230\" height=\"2160\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=3230&#038;h=2160&#038;%23038;fit=clip&#038;%23038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=3230&#038;h=2160&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3230w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=300&#038;h=201&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=768&#038;h=514&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=685&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1027&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1370&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=400&#038;h=267&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=600&#038;h=401&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=900&#038;h=602&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=802&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https:\/\/assets.science.nasa.gov\/dynamicimage\/assets\/science\/missions\/hubble\/releases\/2025\/05\/Hubble_TDE_SixPanel_FullRes_STScI-01JTGZAPSZEJR9VKKDWXZQSYDT.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1337&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3230px) 100vw, 3230px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">7 min read<\/div>\n<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n<h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA\u2019s Hubble Pinpoints Roaming Massive Black Hole<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 day ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\n<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/heliophysics\/what-nasa-is-learning-from-the-biggest-geomagnetic-storm-in-20-years\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Missions<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-no-id=\"true\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-1.jpg?w=1536 1536w\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-1.jpg?w=1536px\" ><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/heliophysics\/what-nasa-is-learning-from-the-biggest-geomagnetic-storm-in-20-years\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans in Space<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-no-id=\"true\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-2.jpg?w=1536 1536w\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-2.jpg?w=1536px\" ><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/heliophysics\/what-nasa-is-learning-from-the-biggest-geomagnetic-storm-in-20-years\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Climate Change<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-no-id=\"true\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-3.jpg?w=1536 1536w\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-3.jpg?w=1536px\" ><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/heliophysics\/what-nasa-is-learning-from-the-biggest-geomagnetic-storm-in-20-years\/#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Solar System<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-no-id=\"true\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-4.jpg?w=1536 1536w\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-4.jpg?w=1536px\" ><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One year on, NASA scientists are still making huge discoveries about the largest geomagnetic storm to hit Earth in two decades, the Gannon storm. The findings are helping us better understand and prepare for the ways in which the Sun\u2019s activity can affect us. One year ago today, representatives from NASA and about 30 other [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15886,16010,15844,15614,16658,15766,15877,15865,15866,16661,16663,15622,15929,15597,15598,16665,15610,16667],"tags":[12280],"class_list":["post-214228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auroras","category-curiosity-rover","category-earths-magnetic-field","category-goddard-space-flight-center","category-gold-global-scale-observations-of-the-limb-and-disk","category-heliophysics","category-heliophysics-division","category-magnetosphere","category-magnetospheric-multiscale-mms","category-mars-odyssey","category-maven-mars-atmosphere-and-volatile-evolution","category-nasa-centers-facilities","category-nasa-directorates","category-science-research","category-science-mission-directorate","category-solar-dynamics-observatory-sdo","category-the-solar-system","category-themis-artemis-time-history-of-events-and-macroscale-interactions-during-substorms-acceleration-reconnection-turbulence-and-electrodynamics-of-moons-interaction-with-the-sun","tag-the-sun"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=214228"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":214232,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214228\/revisions\/214232"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=214228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=214228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vibewire.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=214228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}